Moore C E, Davis Bertell D, Leney Mark D
Physical anthropologists, United States Army Central Identification Laboratory, Hawaii, Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii 96853-5530, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2002 Nov;47(6):1210-4.
Determining the location and distribution of cockpit and aircrew-related equipment within the wider debris field of a military aircraft crash site is an essential first step in planning and executing the recovery of missing aircrew members presumed still to be on the site. Understanding the spatial relationship of these materials improves the likelihood of finding and recovering the remains of the aircrew during the excavation of an aircraft crash site. Since the greater portion of these unaccounted for crewmembers were involved in aircraft with single-seat cockpits or cockpits with two or three seats in tandem, pre-analysis of the debris pattern may be more-or-less straightforward. Larger, multiple-personnel aircraft, on the other hand, create a potentially more complex analytical situation given the aircrew's greater freedom of movement within the aircraft. Nevertheless, the same fundamental principles apply and, indeed, have been successfully so for some time in the civilian arena. But older aircraft crash sites, i.e., those dating to World War II, Korea, or the Vietnam conflict, have been and still are undergoing taphonomic processes that progressively alter these relationships. The following will illustrate that exchange of information between the anthropologist/archaeologist and the life-support analyst is required to maximize the effectiveness of field recovery and demonstrates the relationship between the recovery of life-support equipment and human remains and the effect that aircraft type has on this relationship.
确定军用飞机坠毁现场大片残骸区域内驾驶舱及与机组人员相关设备的位置和分布，是规划和实施搜寻可能仍在现场的失踪机组人员遗体工作的关键第一步。了解这些物品的空间关系，能提高在飞机坠毁现场挖掘过程中找到并找回机组人员遗体的可能性。由于这些下落不明的机组人员大多乘坐的是单座驾驶舱飞机或双座或三座串联驾驶舱飞机，因此对残骸分布模式进行预先分析可能或多或少较为直接。另一方面，对于更大的多人乘坐飞机而言，鉴于机组人员在飞机内有更大的活动自由度，可能会造成分析情况更为复杂。然而，同样的基本原则仍然适用，而且实际上在民用领域已经成功应用了一段时间。但是，年代较久的飞机坠毁现场，即那些可追溯到二战、朝鲜战争或越南战争时期的现场，一直在且仍在经历着成岩过程，这些过程会逐渐改变这些关系。以下内容将说明，人类学家/考古学家与生命支持分析师之间需要进行信息交流，以最大限度地提高现场搜寻工作的效率，并展示生命支持设备与遗体找回之间的关系，以及飞机类型对这种关系的影响。
