Erlichman J, Kerbey A L, James W P T
International Obesity Task Force, North Gower Street, London, UK.
Obes Rev. 2002 Nov;3(4):273-87. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00078.x.
The current guidelines for physical activity are based on the prevention of cardiovascular disease. In this article the magnitude and type of physical activity required to prevent unhealthy weight gain are assessed. Five categories of analyses are considered, ranging from the most rigorous analyses (based on D2O18 measures of energy expenditure) to socio-ecological associations. To standardize the approach, published work on the extent of exercise was expressed as a physical activity level (PAL), i.e. the ratio of total expenditure to the measured or estimated basal metabolic rate. D2O18, direct monitoring and measurements of activity patterns and detailed prospective studies of substantial population groups all suggest that a PAL of > or = 1.8 is required to limit the proportion of overweight and obese adult men. Data on women are more difficult to interpret because women are less active and the relationship with physical activity is usually less clear. Post-obese women with a PAL of >1.75 do not regain weight and other data are consistent with the need for a PAL of > or = 1.8. The analyses in both sexes are based predominantly on adults living in a Western society with the ready availability of energy-dense foods. Vigorous activity is more clearly linked to weight stability, allows a higher intensity of exercise for general activities and shortens the time needed for achieving a PAL of 1.8. This activity level is equivalent to an additional 60-90 min of brisk walking in adults who normally undertake only modest exercise. These demands are greater than the current suggested levels for cardiovascular benefit and imply the need for different environmental policies, rather than health education policies, if societies are to become generally more active and avoid unhealthy weight gain.
当前的身体活动指南是基于预防心血管疾病制定的。在本文中，对预防不健康体重增加所需的身体活动量和类型进行了评估。考虑了五类分析，从最严格的分析（基于重水18测量的能量消耗）到社会生态关联。为了使方法标准化，已发表的关于运动程度的研究成果用身体活动水平（PAL）来表示，即总能量消耗与测量或估计的基础代谢率之比。重水18、活动模式的直接监测和测量以及对大量人群的详细前瞻性研究均表明，成年男性要限制超重和肥胖比例，PAL需≥1.8。女性的数据更难解读，因为女性活动较少，且与身体活动的关系通常不太明确。PAL＞1.75的肥胖后女性不会体重反弹，其他数据也表明需要PAL≥1.8。对两性的分析主要基于生活在西方社会、容易获取高能量食物的成年人。剧烈活动与体重稳定的联系更明显，一般活动时能进行更高强度的运动，且能缩短达到PAL为1.8所需的时间。这个活动水平相当于平时运动量不大的成年人额外快走60 - 90分钟。这些要求高于当前为心血管健康建议的水平，这意味着如果社会要普遍变得更活跃并避免不健康体重增加，需要的是不同的环境政策，而非健康教育政策。
