Muoio Deborah M, Lynis Dohm G
Duke University Medical Center, Box 3327, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Dec;16(4):653-66. doi: 10.1053/beem.2002.0223.
The adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, regulates food intake and systemic fuel metabolism; ob /ob mice, which lack functional leptin, exhibit an obesity syndrome that is similar to morbid obesity in humans. Leptin receptors are expressed most abundantly in the brain but are also present in several peripheral tissues. The role of leptin in controlling energy homeostasis has thus far focused on brain receptors and neuroendocrine pathways that regulate feeding behaviour and sympathetic nervous system activity. This chapter focuses on mounting evidence that leptin's effects on energy balance are also mediated by direct peripheral actions on key metabolic organs such as skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas and adipose tissue. Strong evidence indicates that peripheral leptin receptors regulate cellular lipid balance, favouring beta-oxidation over triacylglycerol storage. There are data to indicate that peripheral leptin also modulates glucose metabolism and insulin action; however, its precise role in controlling gluco-regulatory pathways remains uncertain and requires further investigation.
脂肪细胞衍生的激素瘦素可调节食物摄入和全身能量代谢；缺乏功能性瘦素的ob/ob小鼠表现出与人类病态肥胖相似的肥胖综合征。瘦素受体在大脑中表达最为丰富，但也存在于多个外周组织中。迄今为止，瘦素在控制能量平衡方面的作用主要集中在调节进食行为和交感神经系统活动的脑受体和神经内分泌途径上。本章重点关注越来越多的证据，即瘦素对能量平衡的影响也通过对骨骼肌、肝脏、胰腺和脂肪组织等关键代谢器官的直接外周作用来介导。有力证据表明，外周瘦素受体调节细胞脂质平衡，相比于三酰甘油储存，更有利于β氧化。有数据表明外周瘦素也调节葡萄糖代谢和胰岛素作用；然而，其在控制葡萄糖调节途径中的精确作用仍不确定，需要进一步研究。
