Kelly P M, Scott L, Krause V L
Centre for Disease Control, Department of Health & Community Services, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2002 Nov;6(11):980-7.
East Timorese refugees evacuated to Darwin, Australia, September 1999.
Presentation of the process and results of tuberculosis (TB) screening in a previously unscreened refugee population.
Screening for TB by clinical examination (all persons) and chest X-ray (CXR) (persons over 12 years of age and those of any age with respiratory symptoms) and sputum microscopy and mycobacterial culture (abnormal CXR).
Seventy-six patients were diagnosed with TB (38 culture-positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including 11 sputum smear-positive). Of 89 positive mycobacterial cultures, 51 were non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Of the M. tuberculosis isolates, 82.2% were fully sensitive, 17.2% were resistant to isoniazid and 8.6% were resistant to isoniazid and streptomycin. Fifty-three consecutively diagnosed patients with TB were HIV-negative. The TB burden in this population was very high (point prevalence of 542/100,000 for smear-positive and 2,060/100,000 for culture-positive cases). Rates of culture for NTM were also high. Information from this study assisted the implementation of a National TB Control Programme for East Timor in February 2000.
The challenges for public health authorities in East Timor to provide a successful TB control programme are enormous. The apparently low prevalence of drug resistance and HIV co-infection in the population is encouraging.
1999年9月，东帝汶难民被疏散至澳大利亚达尔文市。
介绍在一个此前未接受过筛查的难民群体中进行结核病（TB）筛查的过程和结果。
通过临床检查（所有人）、胸部X光检查（CXR）（12岁以上人群以及任何有呼吸道症状的人群）以及痰涂片显微镜检查和分枝杆菌培养（CXR异常者）进行结核病筛查。
76名患者被诊断为结核病（38例结核分枝杆菌培养阳性，其中11例痰涂片阳性）。在89例分枝杆菌培养阳性结果中，51例为非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）。在结核分枝杆菌分离株中，82.2%对所有药物敏感，17.2%对异烟肼耐药，8.6%对异烟肼和链霉素耐药。连续诊断的53例结核病患者HIV检测为阴性。该人群中的结核病负担非常高（涂片阳性的点患病率为542/10万，培养阳性病例的点患病率为2060/10万）。NTM的培养率也很高。本研究所得信息有助于2000年2月在东帝汶实施国家结核病控制规划。
东帝汶公共卫生当局要成功实施结核病控制规划面临巨大挑战。该人群中明显较低的耐药率和HIV合并感染率令人鼓舞。
