McKelvey Robert A, Wright John P, Honegger Joy L
DuPont Haskell Laboratory for Health and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 50, 1090 Elkton Rd, Newark, DE 19714-0050, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2002 Dec;58(12):1161-74. doi: 10.1002/ps.504.
The effectiveness of regulatory non-target plant testing using crop species to predict the phytotoxicicity of herbicides to non-crop species was evaluated for eleven herbicides. These herbicides were representative of eight chemical classes and six modes of action. Data for non-crop plants from pre-emergence and post-emergence efficacy screening studies were compared with those for the most sensitive crop species defined by regulatory tests conducted to meet US EPA requirements. Testing under pre-emergence conditions for ten compounds indicated that for five of the compounds (K-815910, trifluralin, pyridyloxy A, pyridyloxy B and cyanazine), the most sensitive crop species was more sensitive than all the non-crop species evaluated. For metsulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, hexazinone and bromacil, only one of the non-crop species evaluated was more sensitive than the most sensitive crop species from regulatory tests. Data for the tenth compound, chloroacetamide, showed that four of 32 non-crop species tested in efficacy screens had at least one rate at which greater visual effects were observed than were observed for the most sensitive crop response in a regulatory test. The results of post-emergence exposure comparisons for five of the compounds (pyridyloxy A, cloransulam-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, cyanazine and hexazinone) indicated that the most sensitive crop species were more sensitive than all the non-crop species evaluated. Data for pyridyloxy B, metsulfuron-methyl and bromacil indicated that only one of the non-crop species evaluated was more sensitive than the most sensitive crop species. For trifluralin, three of the eight non-crop species were more sensitive than the most sensitive crop species. Data for K-815910 indicated that four of the fourteen non-crop species tested were marginally more sensitive than the most sensitive crop, but were within the same range of sensitivity. These results indicate that the current regulatory test batteries and methods using crop species effectively provide suitable sensitive indicator plants for the eleven diverse herbicides evaluated. This comparison indicates that crop species sensitivity to test substances is likely to be representative of non-crop herbaceous species response, regardless of chemical class, mode of action and magnitude or route of exposure.
针对11种除草剂，评估了使用作物品种进行监管非靶标植物测试以预测除草剂对非作物品种的植物毒性的有效性。这些除草剂代表了8种化学类别和6种作用模式。将苗前和苗后药效筛选研究中关于非作物植物的数据，与为满足美国环境保护局要求而进行的监管测试所确定的最敏感作物品种的数据进行了比较。对10种化合物进行的苗前条件测试表明，对于其中5种化合物（K-815910、氟乐灵、吡啶氧基A、吡啶氧基B和氰草津），最敏感的作物品种比所有评估的非作物品种更敏感。对于甲磺隆、氯嘧磺隆、嗪草酮和除草定，评估的非作物品种中只有一种比监管测试中最敏感的作物品种更敏感。第10种化合物氯乙酰胺的数据表明，在药效筛选中测试的32种非作物品种中有4种在至少一个剂量下观察到的视觉效应比监管测试中最敏感作物的反应更大。对5种化合物（吡啶氧基A、氯酯磺草胺、氯嘧磺隆、氰草津和嗪草酮）进行的苗后暴露比较结果表明，最敏感的作物品种比所有评估的非作物品种更敏感。吡啶氧基B、甲磺隆和除草定的数据表明，评估的非作物品种中只有一种比最敏感的作物品种更敏感。对于氟乐灵，8种非作物品种中有3种比最敏感的作物品种更敏感。K-815910的数据表明，测试的14种非作物品种中有4种比最敏感的作物略微更敏感，但处于相同的敏感范围内。这些结果表明，目前使用作物品种的监管测试组合和方法有效地为所评估的11种不同除草剂提供了合适的敏感指示植物。这种比较表明，作物品种对测试物质的敏感性可能代表非作物草本品种的反应，无论化学类别、作用模式以及暴露程度或途径如何。
