Vanciková Z
1st Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord. 2002 Apr;2(1):83-95.
The mucosal immune system is an integral part of the whole-body immune system, however its regulation, maturation and function are to a great degree independent. Mucosal lymphoid tissue is the largest immune organ of the body, that stands in the first line of defence against foreign invaders. The goal of the immune system is immunity, however immunologic unresponsiveness (tolerance) is a key feature of the mucosal immune system, because the organism must tolerate thousands of ingested and inhaled harmless food and bacterial antigens. The phenomenon of oral tolerance is the unique feature of the mucosal immune system. If abrogated, severe autoimmune diseases like Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis or coeliac sprue can develop. The quality of mucosal immune responses during newborn and infant age strongly influences the immune reactivity later in life. The most important factors influencing the development of mucosal immune reactivity are the feeding practices and microbial colonization. Manipulation of the mucosal immune system offers interesting possibilities to prevent infection as well as autoimmune diseases directly in the affected tissue, without participation of the whole-body immune system. In this review we present the most recent basic information about the mechanisms of mucosal immunity, ontogeny of mucosal immunity, mucosal tolerance and immunisation and the role of mucosal immunity in an inherited disease in which the main battlefield is the lung mucosa-cystic fibrosis.
黏膜免疫系统是全身免疫系统的一个组成部分，然而其调节、成熟和功能在很大程度上是独立的。黏膜淋巴组织是人体最大的免疫器官，处于抵御外来入侵者的第一道防线。免疫系统的目标是免疫，然而免疫无反应性（耐受性）是黏膜免疫系统的一个关键特征，因为机体必须耐受数千种摄入和吸入的无害食物及细菌抗原。口服耐受现象是黏膜免疫系统的独特特征。如果被消除，可能会发展出像克罗恩病、溃疡性结肠炎或乳糜泻等严重的自身免疫性疾病。新生儿和婴儿期黏膜免疫反应的质量会强烈影响其日后的免疫反应性。影响黏膜免疫反应性发展的最重要因素是喂养方式和微生物定植。对黏膜免疫系统进行调控为直接在受影响组织中预防感染以及自身免疫性疾病提供了有趣的可能性，而无需全身免疫系统的参与。在本综述中，我们介绍了有关黏膜免疫机制、黏膜免疫的个体发生、黏膜耐受与免疫以及黏膜免疫在一种主要病变部位为肺黏膜的遗传性疾病——囊性纤维化中的作用的最新基础信息。
