Mainster M A, Timberlake G T
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160-7379, USA.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2003 Jan;87(1):113-7. doi: 10.1136/bjo.87.1.113.
Driving requires effective coordination of visual, motor, and cognitive skills. Visual skills are pushed to their limit at night by decreased illumination and by disabling glare from oncoming headlights. High intensity discharge (HID) headlamps project light farther down roads, improving their owner's driving safety by increasing the time available for reaction to potential problems. Glare is proportional to headlamp brightness, however, so increasing headlamp brightness also increases potential glare for oncoming drivers, particularly on curving two lane roads. This problem is worse for older drivers because of their increased intraocular light scattering, glare sensitivity, and photostress recovery time. An analysis of automobile headlights, intraocular stray light, glare, and night driving shows that brightness rather than blueness is the primary reason for the visual problems that HID headlights can cause for older drivers who confront them. The increased light projected by HID headlights is potentially valuable, but serious questions remain regarding how and where it should be projected.
驾驶需要视觉、运动和认知技能的有效协调。夜间，照明减弱以及迎面而来车辆前照灯产生的眩光会使视觉技能达到极限。高强度放电（HID）前照灯能将光线投射到更远的路面，通过增加对潜在问题做出反应的可用时间，提高车主的驾驶安全性。然而，眩光与前照灯亮度成正比，因此增加前照灯亮度也会增加对迎面而来驾驶员的潜在眩光，尤其是在弯曲的双车道道路上。由于老年驾驶员眼内光散射增加、眩光敏感度提高以及光应激恢复时间变长，这个问题对他们来说更严重。对汽车前照灯、眼内杂散光、眩光和夜间驾驶的分析表明，亮度而非蓝光是HID前照灯可能给与之相遇的老年驾驶员造成视觉问题的主要原因。HID前照灯投射出的更强光线可能很有价值，但关于如何以及在何处投射这些光线，仍存在严重问题。
