Panksepp Jaak, Moskal Joseph R, Panksepp Jules B, Kroes Roger A
J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind & Behavior and Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2002 Dec;23 Suppl 4:105-15.
Evolutionary psychologists often overlook a wealth of information existing between the proximate genotypic level and the ultimate phenotypic level. This commonly ignored level of biological organization is the ongoing activity of neurobiological systems. In this paper, we extend our previous arguments concerning strategic weaknesses of evolutionary psychology by advocating a foundational view that focuses on similarities in brain, behavior, and various basic psychological features across mammalian species. Such an approach offers the potential to link the emerging discipline of evolutionary psychology to its parent scientific disciplines such as biochemistry, physiology, molecular genetics, developmental biology and the neuroscientific analysis of animal behavior. We detail an example of this through our impending work using gene microarray technology to characterize gene expression patterns in rats during aggressive and playful social interactions. Through a focus on functional homologies and the experimental analysis of conserved, subcortical emotional and motivational brain systems, neuroevolutionary psychobiology can reveal ancient features of the human mind that are still shared with other animals. Claims regarding evolved, uniquely human, psychological constructs should be constrained by the rigorous evidentiary standards that are routine in other sciences.
进化心理学家常常忽视存在于近端基因型水平和最终表型水平之间的大量信息。这个通常被忽视的生物组织层次是神经生物学系统的持续活动。在本文中，我们通过倡导一种基础观点来扩展我们之前关于进化心理学战略弱点的论点，该观点关注跨哺乳动物物种在大脑、行为和各种基本心理特征方面的相似性。这种方法有可能将新兴的进化心理学学科与其母科学学科联系起来，如生物化学、生理学、分子遗传学、发育生物学以及动物行为的神经科学分析。我们通过即将开展的工作详细阐述了一个例子，即使用基因微阵列技术来表征大鼠在攻击性和嬉戏性社交互动过程中的基因表达模式。通过关注功能同源性以及对保守的、皮层下情绪和动机性脑系统进行实验分析，神经进化心理生物学能够揭示人类心智中仍与其他动物共有的古老特征。关于进化而来的、独特的人类心理结构的论断应该受到其他科学中常规的严格证据标准的约束。
