Flisher Alan J, Parry Charles D H, Evans Janet, Muller Martie, Lombard Carl
Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health of the University of Cape Town, the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Group, and the Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
J Adolesc Health. 2003 Jan;32(1):58-65. doi: 10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00445-7.
The work reported in this paper was supported by grants from the World Health Organisation Programme on Substance Abuse, the United Nations Development Programme, the South African Medical Research Council, and the Medical Faculty Research Committee of the University of Cape Town.To document the prevalence rates for use of cigarettes, alcohol, and cannabis among high school students in Cape Town, and to investigate whether use of these substances is associated with a set of hypothesized psychosocial correlates.
A multistage sampling procedure produced a sample of 2930 students in grades 8 and 11 at 39 high schools in Cape Town, who completed a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire contained items about whether the students had used various substances and that addressed the potential correlates of interest. We calculated prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals and constructed a set of generalized estimating equations of use in the past month of cigarettes, alcohol, or cannabis on the hypothesized correlates.
The prevalence rates for previous month (recent) use of cigarettes, alcohol, and cannabis were 27%, 31%, and 7%, respectively. Rates were low for black females. Recent use of each of the substances was significantly associated with the number of days absent and the number of years lived in a city. Repeating a grade was significantly associated with previous month use of cigarettes and alcohol by colored (derived from Asian, European, and African ancestry) students and alcohol use by black grade 8 students (race classifications "colored" and "black" are as defined by the repealed population Registration Act of 1950). Not being raised by both parents was significantly associated with cigarette smoking by black and colored students, alcohol use by colored students, and cannabis use by female students. It was inversely associated with cigarette use by black students.
It is necessary to identify the factors that protect black female adolescents from substance use. It is important to address demographic factors such as race classification and gender analytically if one is to avoid obscuring differences among groups.
本文所报告的研究工作得到了世界卫生组织药物滥用项目、联合国开发计划署、南非医学研究理事会以及开普敦大学医学院研究委员会的资助。记录开普敦高中生中香烟、酒精和大麻的使用流行率，并调查这些物质的使用是否与一组假设的心理社会相关因素有关。
采用多阶段抽样程序，从开普敦39所高中的8年级和11年级学生中抽取了2930名学生作为样本，他们完成了一份自填式问卷。问卷包含了关于学生是否使用过各种物质以及涉及感兴趣的潜在相关因素的问题。我们计算了95%置信区间的流行率，并构建了一组关于过去一个月内香烟、酒精或大麻使用情况与假设相关因素之间的广义估计方程。
上个月（近期）香烟、酒精和大麻的使用流行率分别为27%、31%和7%。黑人女性的使用率较低。近期使用每种物质均与缺勤天数和在城市居住的年数显著相关。留级与有色人种（源自亚洲、欧洲和非洲血统）学生上个月使用香烟和酒精以及黑人8年级学生使用酒精显著相关（种族分类“有色人种”和“黑人”按照1950年废除的《人口登记法》定义）。父母不全在身边与黑人和有色人种学生吸烟、有色人种学生饮酒以及女生使用大麻显著相关。它与黑人学生吸烟呈负相关。
有必要确定保护黑人女性青少年不使用毒品的因素。如果要避免掩盖群体间的差异，从分析角度处理种族分类和性别等人口统计学因素很重要。
