Ellis Christine, Turner John G, Devoto Alessandra
School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
Plant Mol Biol. 2002 Dec;50(6):971-80. doi: 10.1023/a:1021291522243.
Living organisms use complex pathways of signal perception and transduction to respond to stimuli in their environments. In plants, putative signal transduction components have been identified through mutant screens and comparative analysis of genome sequences of model eukaryotes. Several pieces in a large series of puzzles have now been identified and a current challenge is to determine how these pieces interconnect. Functional analysis of the encoded proteins has necessitated a change from genetic to biochemical approaches. In recent years, the application of techniques such as two-hybrid screening and epitope tagging has facilitated the study of protein-protein interactions and has increased our understanding of cellular signalling mechanisms. One focus of present research is the ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of proteins. Increasing evidence suggests this is a control common to many plant signalling pathways including development and responsiveness to hormones, light and sucrose. A central challenge in the study of plant disease resistance has been to identify protein complexes that contain host defence proteins and pathogenicity factors. In this review we summarize the latest developments in these areas where the existence of protein complexes has been demonstrated to be of fundamental importance in plant signalling.
生物利用复杂的信号感知和转导途径来响应其环境中的刺激。在植物中，通过突变体筛选和模式真核生物基因组序列的比较分析，已鉴定出假定的信号转导成分。现在，一系列难题中的几个部分已被识别出来，当前的一个挑战是确定这些部分如何相互连接。对编码蛋白质的功能分析使得研究方法从遗传学方法转变为生物化学方法。近年来，双杂交筛选和表位标签等技术的应用促进了蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的研究，并增进了我们对细胞信号传导机制的理解。目前研究的一个重点是泛素/蛋白酶体介导的蛋白质降解。越来越多的证据表明，这是许多植物信号传导途径共有的一种调控方式，包括发育以及对激素、光和蔗糖的响应。植物抗病性研究中的一个核心挑战是鉴定包含宿主防御蛋白和致病因子的蛋白质复合物。在本综述中，我们总结了这些领域的最新进展，其中蛋白质复合物的存在已被证明在植物信号传导中至关重要。
