Correa Melo E, López A
Pan American Foot-and-Mouth Disease Center, Caixa Postal 589, 20001-970 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Rev Sci Tech. 2002 Dec;21(3):695-8, 689-94.
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) was first recognised in South America in 1870, almost simultaneously in the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina), in the central region of Chile, in Uruguay, in southern Brazil and coincidentally, on the northeastern coast of the United States of America. The epidemiology of the disease was unknown and no government action was taken following the initial outbreaks. This resulted in the disease spreading to other areas of Chile, as well as to Peru, Bolivia and Paraguay, reaching Venezuela and Colombia in the 1950s, and Ecuador in 1961. The entire continent was affected in the 1960s when national FMD control programmes were initiated, with the exception of Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana and Patagonia. In the 1970s, steps were taken to implement a regional control and eradication strategy in view of the impact of production and trade on the persistence of the virus. The Plan Hemisférico de Erradicación de la Fiebre Aftosa (PHEFA: Hemispheric FMD Eradication Plan), public- and private-sector policies, new diagnostic tools, the oil-adjuvanted FMD vaccine and regional strategies played a part in improving the epidemiological situation during the 1990s. A setback was encountered in 2000 and 2001, with outbreaks due to virus types A and 0 recorded in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.
口蹄疫于1870年在南美洲首次被发现，几乎同时出现在布宜诺斯艾利斯省（阿根廷）、智利中部地区、乌拉圭、巴西南部，巧合的是，还出现在美国东北海岸。该病的流行病学情况不明，最初疫情爆发后未采取政府行动。这导致疾病蔓延至智利其他地区以及秘鲁、玻利维亚和巴拉圭，20世纪50年代蔓延至委内瑞拉和哥伦比亚，1961年蔓延至厄瓜多尔。20世纪60年代，除圭亚那、苏里南、法属圭亚那和巴塔哥尼亚外，整个大陆都受到影响，当时启动了国家口蹄疫控制计划。20世纪70年代，鉴于生产和贸易对病毒持续存在的影响，采取措施实施区域控制和根除战略。泛美口蹄疫根除计划（PHEFA）、公共和私营部门政策、新的诊断工具、油佐剂口蹄疫疫苗以及区域战略在20世纪90年代改善疫情形势方面发挥了作用。2000年和2001年遭遇挫折，阿根廷、乌拉圭和巴西记录到由A型和O型病毒引发的疫情。
