Noguchi M, Hiwatashi T, Mizuno Y, Minematsu M
Department of Civil Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-cho, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
Water Sci Technol. 2002;46(11-12):407-12.
In order to attain a sound and sustainable water environment, it is important to carry out the environmental management of the watershed. For this purpose, knowledge on the pollutant runoff mechanism from non-point sources becomes very important especially under rainy conditions. At Isahaya, Nagasaki, Japan, a big project of construction of sea-dyke and reclamation is now going on, so reducing the pollutant runoff, especially from non-point sources, becomes more important. Some runoff models of rainwater are developed to predict the rate of pollutant loads from the non-point sources, and their results are compared with each other to investigate the accuracy of prediction. In this paper, runoff analysis of both rainwater and pollutants has been carried out using three models: the tank model, the kinematic wave (K-W) model, and a model using the digital elevation model (DEM). For precise estimation, it becomes necessary to identify the parameters included in these models. Here, total nitrogen has been considered as pollutants, and detachment rates are evaluated, correlated with a class of land use, soil type, and moisture content. Finally, it has been shown that pollutant runoff from non-point sources can be predicted fairly well, identifying the model parameter appropriately.
为了实现健全且可持续的水环境，开展流域的环境管理至关重要。为此，尤其是在降雨条件下，了解非点源污染物径流机制变得非常重要。在日本长崎的谏早，一项大规模的海堤建设和围垦工程正在进行，因此减少污染物径流，特别是来自非点源的污染物径流，变得更为重要。开发了一些雨水径流模型来预测非点源污染物负荷率，并将它们的结果相互比较以研究预测的准确性。在本文中，使用三种模型对雨水和污染物进行了径流分析：水箱模型、运动波（K-W）模型以及使用数字高程模型（DEM）的模型。为了进行精确估算，有必要确定这些模型中包含的参数。这里，将总氮视为污染物，并评估分离率，将其与土地利用类型、土壤类型和含水量相关联。最后表明，通过适当地确定模型参数，可以较好地预测非点源污染物径流。
