Vijayalakshmi P, Kakkar Gaurav, Samprathi Arun, Banushree R
Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Aravind Eye Hospitals, Madurai, India.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2002 Dec;50(4):307-11.
To describe the ocular manifestations of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), a common cause of congenital cataracts in developing countries.
Retrospective analysis of case records of 46 sero-positive infants under 12 months of age who presented at Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai between July 1993 and February 2001. The ocular and systemic examination details were recorded.
Both eyes were affected in 41 (89%) patients. Cataract was present in 81 (93.1%) eyes; most of them were nuclear cataract (79, 97.5%). Other common ocular presentations included microphthalmos in 74 (85.1%) eyes, iris abnormalities in 51 (58.6%) eyes, and pigmentary retinopathy in 33 (37.9%) eyes. Cataract, microphthalmos and iris hypoplasia was a common combination present in 49 (56.3%) eyes. Systemic manifestations included cardiac anomalies in 23 (50%) and neurological anomalies in 16 (34%) children. Multi-system involvement was present in 32 (70%) children. Low birth weight (below 2 kg) was seen in 30% infants.
CRS may present with a wide spectrum of ocular and systemic findings and requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. Any sick infant with unilateral or bilateral congenital cataract should be investigated thoroughly for CRS.
描述先天性风疹综合征（CRS）的眼部表现，CRS是发展中国家先天性白内障的常见病因。
对1993年7月至2001年2月间在马杜赖阿拉文德眼科医院就诊的46例12个月以下血清学阳性婴儿的病例记录进行回顾性分析。记录眼部和全身检查细节。
41例（89%）患者双眼受累。81只眼（93.1%）存在白内障；其中大多数为核性白内障（79只，97.5%）。其他常见的眼部表现包括74只眼（85.1%）有小眼球，51只眼（58.6%）有虹膜异常，33只眼（37.9%）有色素性视网膜病变。白内障、小眼球和虹膜发育不全是49只眼（56.3%）中常见的组合。全身表现包括23例（50%）儿童有心脏异常，16例（34%）有神经异常。32例（70%）儿童有多系统受累。30%的婴儿出生体重低（低于2kg）。
CRS可能表现出广泛的眼部和全身表现，诊断时需要高度怀疑。任何患有单侧或双侧先天性白内障的患病婴儿都应彻底检查是否患有CRS。
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