Lahbil D, Souldi L, Rais L, Lamari H, El Kettani A, Zaghloul K
Service d'Ophtalmologie pédiatrique, Hôpital 20 Août 1953, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc.
Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2007(303):13-20.
Congenital rubella syndrome is an ensemble of congenital malformations which results from a primary viral infection in non-immunised pregnant women. The main ophthalmologic manifestation is cataract. It involves at the same time visual and vital prognosis and can be responsible for multiple handicaps.
We did a retrospective study of 16 infants (32 eyes) having undergone congenital cataract surgery compatible with congenital rubella syndrome in the Casablanca paediatric ophthalmology department between January 2001 and December 2005. All the patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, otorhinolaryngologic, cardiovascular and neurological examinations, and paraclinic explorations.
The results were compared with those reported in the literature. In our series, 25 eyes (78.12%) had a cataract of which 56% were nuclear, 13 eyes (40.62%) had microphthalmia. One case each of corneal dystrophy and iris coloboma were described. Congenital glaucoma was found in only one case. Pigmentary retinopathy was found in 12 eyes (37.5%). Seven patients (43.75%) had associated cardiac anomalies, 6 (37.5%) deafness, 5 (31.25%) psychomotor delay and 2 (12.5%) facial dysmorphy.
Considering the permanent disabilities caused by congenital rubella syndrome, care should be taken with the follow-up of the pregnancies and an immunization program should be implemented for good control of the circulation of the virus.
先天性风疹综合征是一组先天性畸形，由未免疫的孕妇原发性病毒感染引起。主要眼科表现为白内障。它同时涉及视力和生命预后，可导致多种残疾。
我们对2001年1月至2005年12月期间在卡萨布兰卡儿科眼科接受与先天性风疹综合征相符的先天性白内障手术的16名婴儿（32只眼）进行了回顾性研究。所有患者均接受了全面的眼科检查、耳鼻喉科、心血管和神经科检查以及辅助检查。
将结果与文献报道的结果进行比较。在我们的系列中，25只眼（78.12%）患有白内障，其中56%为核性白内障，13只眼（40.62%）患有小眼症。描述了1例角膜营养不良和1例虹膜缺损。仅1例发现先天性青光眼。12只眼（37.5%）发现色素性视网膜病变。7例患者（43.75%）伴有心脏异常，6例（37.5%）耳聋，5例（31.25%）精神运动发育迟缓，2例（12.5%）面部畸形。
考虑到先天性风疹综合征引起的永久性残疾，应注意孕期随访，并实施免疫计划以有效控制病毒传播。
