Law W, Arthur D
The Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2003 Jan;40(1):23-32. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7489(02)00029-9.
Chronic and recurrent shortages of nurses, coupled with the increasing demand for high quality and motivated nurses and competition for secondary school leavers from other professions, are issues which prompted this investigation of senior school students' career choice. Using a descriptive survey design, and a questionnaire developed for the study, 1246 Form 6 students in Hong Kong were surveyed, of these 28% respondents reported that they were interested in studying nursing. The findings indicated that students' decision to choose or not choose nursing was significantly influenced by the demographic factors: gender (chi(2) = 42.72, p < 0.0005), biology subject pursued (chi(2) = 18.94, p < 0.0005), previous academic achievement (chi(2) = 34.33, p < 0.0005) and mother's occupation (chi(2) = 21.08, p = 0.012); and their perception of nursing as a career score (t = 14.21, df = 1237, p < 0.0005). Students' intention to study nursing was also significantly affected by social influence: parents (chi(2) = 11.53, p = 0.001), school career masters (chi(2) = 5.52, p = 0.019) and friends (chi(2) = 4.83, p = 0.028); past experience with career activities (chi(2) = 84.479, p < 0.005); and working in hospital (chi(2) = 31.742, p < 0.005). Backward elimination logistic regression analysis concluded that being female (p < 0.0005), biology study at Form 5 and A-level (p < 0.0005), total perception scores (p < 0.0005), and participation in career activities (p < 0.0005) were found to be predictors of the students' intention to study nursing. Results of this study can be used by nurse leaders and recruiters to develop strategies and help school leavers perceive nursing in a more positive way. Expanding the informational sources about nursing can facilitate the recruitment process.
护士长期且反复短缺，加上对高素质且积极进取的护士需求不断增加，以及其他行业对中学毕业生的竞争，这些问题促使了对高中生职业选择的这项调查。采用描述性调查设计，并使用为该研究开发的问卷，对香港1246名中六学生进行了调查，其中28%的受访者表示他们对学习护理感兴趣。研究结果表明，学生选择或不选择护理的决定受到人口统计学因素的显著影响：性别（卡方值=42.72，p<0.0005）、所学生物学科（卡方值=18.94，p<0.0005）、以往学业成绩（卡方值=34.33，p<0.0005）和母亲的职业（卡方值=21.08，p=0.012）；以及他们对护理作为一种职业的评分（t=14.21，自由度=1237，p<0.0005）。学生学习护理的意愿也受到社会影响的显著影响：父母（卡方值=11.53，p=0.001）、学校职业指导老师（卡方值=5.52，p=0.019）和朋友（卡方值=4.83，p=0.028）；过去参与职业活动的经历（卡方值=84.479，p<0.005）；以及在医院工作的经历（卡方值=31.742，p<0.005）。向后逐步消除逻辑回归分析得出，女性（p<0.0005）、中五和高级程度会考学习生物（p<0.0005）、总体认知得分（p<0.0005）以及参与职业活动（p<0.0005）被发现是学生学习护理意愿的预测因素。护士领导者和招聘人员可以利用本研究的结果制定策略，并帮助离校生以更积极的方式看待护理。扩大有关护理的信息来源可以促进招聘过程。
