Huicho Luis, Molina Cristina, Diez-Canseco Francisco, Lema Claudia, Miranda J Jaime, Huayanay-Espinoza Carlos A, Lescano Andrés G
Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Peru.
School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Hum Resour Health. 2015 Dec 2;13:90. doi: 10.1186/s12960-015-0091-6.
Deployment of health workforce in rural areas is critical to reach universal health coverage. Students' perceptions towards practice in rural areas likely influence their later choice of a rural post. We aimed at exploring perceptions of students from health professions about career choice, job expectations, motivations and potential incentives to work in a rural area.
In-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted among medical, nursing and midwifery students from universities of two Peruvian cities (Ica and Ayacucho). Themes for assessment and analysis included career choice, job expectations, motivations and incentives, according to a background theory a priori built for the study purpose.
Preference for urban jobs was already established at this undergraduate level. Solidarity, better income expectations, professional and personal recognition, early life experience and family models influenced career choice. Students also expressed altruism, willingness to choose a rural job after graduation and potential responsiveness to incentives for practising in rural areas, which emerged more frequent from the discourse of nursing and midwifery students and from all students of rural origin. Medical students expressed expectations to work in large urban hospitals offering higher salaries. They showed higher personal, professional and family welfare expectations. Participants consistently favoured both financial and non-financial incentives.
Nursing and midwifery students showed a higher disposition to work in rural areas than medical doctors, which was more evident in students of rural origin. Our results may be useful to improve targeting and selection of undergraduate students, to stimulate the inclination of students to choose a rural job upon graduation and to reorient school programmes towards the production of socially committed health professionals. Policymakers may also consider using our results when planning and implementing interventions to improve rural deployment of health professionals.
农村地区卫生人力的配置对于实现全民健康覆盖至关重要。学生对农村地区实习的看法可能会影响他们日后选择农村岗位。我们旨在探究卫生专业学生对职业选择、工作期望、动机以及在农村地区工作的潜在激励因素的看法。
对秘鲁两个城市（伊卡和阿亚库乔）的大学医学、护理和助产专业学生进行了深入访谈和焦点小组讨论。根据为研究目的预先构建的背景理论，评估和分析的主题包括职业选择、工作期望、动机和激励因素。
在本科阶段，学生们就已表现出对城市工作的偏好。团结精神、更高的收入期望、专业和个人认可、早期生活经历以及家庭模式影响了职业选择。学生们还表达了利他主义，愿意毕业后选择农村工作，以及对农村地区实习激励措施的潜在响应，这种情况在护理和助产专业学生以及所有农村出身的学生的讨论中更为常见。医学专业学生期望在提供更高薪资的大型城市医院工作。他们表现出更高的个人、专业和家庭福利期望。参与者一致赞成财政和非财政激励措施。
护理和助产专业学生比医学专业学生表现出更高的在农村地区工作的意愿，这在农村出身的学生中更为明显。我们的研究结果可能有助于改进本科生的目标定位和选拔，激发学生毕业后选择农村工作的倾向，并使学校课程重新定位，以培养具有社会责任感的卫生专业人员。政策制定者在规划和实施干预措施以改善卫生专业人员在农村地区的配置时，也可考虑使用我们的研究结果。
