Hamidi Mehrdad, Tajerzadeh Hosnieh
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Drug Deliv. 2003 Jan-Mar;10(1):9-20. doi: 10.1080/713840329.
Application of erythrocytes, the most abundant cells of the human body with desirable physiologic and morphologic characteristics, in drug delivery has been exploited extensively. These cellular carriers, having remarkable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and life-span in circulation, can be loaded by a wide spectrum of compounds of therapeutic value using different chemically, as well as physically, based methods. Most of the characteristics of the erythrocytes, including shape, membrane fragility, deformability, and hematologic indices undergo some degree of irreversible changes during the loading procedure. The efflux pattern of the encapsulated compounds from the carrier erythrocytes covers a wide range between a relatively rapid release (complete release within a few hours) and no detectable release until the cell lysis. A series of methods have been tested successfully for improvement of in vitro storability of the carrier erythrocytes without any significant changes in cell biology as well as drug delivery efficacy. Carrier erythrocytes have been exploited for several potential applications, including intravenous slow release of therapeutic agents, enzyme therapy, drug targeting to reticuloendothelial system (RES), improvement of oxygen delivery to tissues, and preparation of fused cells.
红细胞是人体中数量最多的细胞，具有理想的生理和形态特征，其在药物递送中的应用已得到广泛研究。这些细胞载体具有显著的生物相容性、生物降解性和循环寿命，可通过不同的化学和物理方法负载多种具有治疗价值的化合物。在负载过程中，红细胞的大多数特性，包括形状、膜脆性、变形性和血液学指标都会发生一定程度的不可逆变化。包封在载体红细胞中的化合物的流出模式涵盖了从相对快速释放（几小时内完全释放）到直到细胞裂解才检测到释放的广泛范围。已经成功测试了一系列方法来提高载体红细胞的体外储存能力，而不会对细胞生物学以及药物递送效果产生任何显著影响。载体红细胞已被用于多种潜在应用，包括治疗剂的静脉缓慢释放、酶疗法、药物靶向网状内皮系统（RES）、改善组织的氧气输送以及制备融合细胞。
