Koczulla Andreas R, Bals Robert
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital of the University of Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Drugs. 2003;63(4):389-406. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200363040-00005.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are effector molecules of the innate immune system. A variety of AMPs have been isolated from species of all kingdoms and are classified based on their structure and amino acid motifs. AMPs have a broad antimicrobial spectrum and lyse microbial cells by interaction with biomembranes. Besides their direct antimicrobial function, they have multiple roles as mediators of inflammation with impact on epithelial and inflammatory cells influencing diverse processes such as cell proliferation, immune induction, wound healing, cytokine release, chemotaxis and protease-antiprotease balance. AMPs qualify as prototypes of innovative drugs that may be used as antimicrobials, anti-lipopolysaccharide drugs or modifiers of inflammation. Several strategies have been followed to identify lead candidates for drug development, to modify the peptides' structures, and to produce sufficient amounts for pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review summarises the current knowledge about the basic and applied biology of AMPs.
抗菌肽（AMPs）是先天性免疫系统的效应分子。已从所有生物界的物种中分离出多种抗菌肽，并根据其结构和氨基酸基序进行分类。抗菌肽具有广泛的抗菌谱，通过与生物膜相互作用裂解微生物细胞。除了其直接的抗菌功能外，它们还作为炎症介质发挥多种作用，影响上皮细胞和炎症细胞，影响细胞增殖、免疫诱导、伤口愈合、细胞因子释放、趋化性和蛋白酶-抗蛋白酶平衡等多种过程。抗菌肽堪称创新药物的典范，可用作抗菌剂、抗脂多糖药物或炎症调节剂。人们已采用多种策略来确定药物开发的先导候选物、修饰肽的结构，并生产足够数量用于临床前和临床研究。本综述总结了目前关于抗菌肽基础生物学和应用生物学的知识。
