Goens S Denise
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1.
Can Vet J. 2002 Dec;43(12):946-54.
The economic importance of bovine viral diarrhea is increasing with the emergence of seemingly more virulent viruses, as evidenced by outbreaks of hemorrhagic syndrome and severe acute bovine viral diarrhea beginning in the 1980s and 1990s. It appears that evolutionary changes in bovine viral diarrhea virus were responsible for these outbreaks. The genetic properties of the classical bovine viral diarrhea virus that contribute to the basis of current diagnostic tests, vaccines, and our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms are now being reevaluated because of these "new" virus strains. This shift in virulence has confounded both nomenclature and the significance of current bovine viral diarrhea virus categorization. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of bovine viral diarrhea virus with a chronological review of prevailing scientific tenets and practices as described in clinical and scientific North American veterinary journals and textbooks. The first part of this review describes how we have arrived at our current understanding of the viruses, the diseases, and their nomenclature. The second part of the review deals with current concepts in virology and how these concepts may both explain and predict bovine viral diarrhea virus pathogenesis. By reviewing how knowledge of bovine viral diarrhea has evolved and the theories of how the virus itself is able to evolve, the interpretation of diagnostic tests are more effectively utilized in the control and treatment of bovine viral diarrhea virus associated disease.
随着似乎更具毒力的病毒出现，牛病毒性腹泻的经济重要性日益增加，20世纪80年代和90年代开始的出血性综合征和严重急性牛病毒性腹泻疫情就是明证。看来牛病毒性腹泻病毒的进化变化是这些疫情的原因。由于这些“新”病毒株，目前用于诊断测试、疫苗以及我们对致病机制理解的经典牛病毒性腹泻病毒的遗传特性正在重新评估。这种毒力的转变使命名和当前牛病毒性腹泻病毒分类的意义都变得混乱。本综述的目的是通过按时间顺序回顾北美临床和科学兽医期刊及教科书中描述的主流科学原理和实践，总结我们目前对牛病毒性腹泻病毒的理解。本综述的第一部分描述了我们如何得出对病毒、疾病及其命名的当前理解。综述的第二部分涉及病毒学的当前概念以及这些概念如何既能解释又能预测牛病毒性腹泻病毒的发病机制。通过回顾牛病毒性腹泻知识的演变以及病毒本身如何进化的理论，诊断测试的解释能更有效地用于牛病毒性腹泻病毒相关疾病的控制和治疗。
