Miller E H, Schneider H J, Bronson J L, McLain D
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1975 Sep(111):181-91. doi: 10.1097/00003086-197509000-00026.
The professional ballet dancer presents all of the problems of any vigorous athlete. The problems include osteochondral fractures, fatigue fractures, sprains, chronic ligamentous instability of the knee, meniscal tears, impingement syndrome, degenerative arthritis of multiple joints and low back pain. Attention to minor problems with sound conservative therapy can avoid many major developments and lost hours. Observations included the extraordinary external rotation of at the hip without demonstrable alteration in the hip version angle and hypertrophy of the femur, tibia and particularly the second metatarsal (in female dancers). Careful evaluation of the range of motion of the extremities, serial roentgenographic examination, and systematic review of previous injuries, training programs and rehearsal techniques have been evaluated in a series of cases to provide the basis for advice to directors and teachers of the ballet.
职业芭蕾舞演员存在所有活跃运动员都会面临的问题。这些问题包括骨软骨骨折、疲劳性骨折、扭伤、膝关节慢性韧带不稳定、半月板撕裂、撞击综合征、多关节退行性关节炎以及腰痛。通过合理的保守治疗关注小问题可以避免许多严重情况的发生以及时间的浪费。观察结果包括髋关节处异常的外旋（髋关节版本角度无明显改变）以及股骨、胫骨尤其是第二跖骨（女性舞者）的肥大。在一系列病例中对四肢活动范围的仔细评估、连续的X线检查以及对既往损伤、训练计划和排练技巧的系统回顾，为向芭蕾舞团导演和教师提供建议奠定了基础。
