ffrench-Constant Richard, Waterfield Nicholas, Daborn Phillip, Joyce Susan, Bennett Helen, Au Candy, Dowling Andrea, Boundy Sam, Reynolds Stuart, Clarke David
Centre for Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2003 Jan;26(5):433-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2003.tb00625.x.
Pathogenicity and symbiosis are central to bacteria-host interactions. Although several human pathogens have been subjected to functional genomic analysis, we still understand little about bacteria-invertebrate interactions despite their ecological prevalence. Advances in our knowledge of this area are often hindered by the difficulty of isolating and working with invertebrate pathogenic bacteria and their hosts. Here we review studies on pathogenicity and symbiosis in an insect pathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus and its entomopathogenic nematode vector and model insect hosts. Whilst switching between these hosts, Photorhabdus changes from a state of symbiosis with its nematode vector to one of pathogenicity towards its new insect host and both the bacteria and the nematode then cooperatively exploit the dying insect. We examine candidate genes involved in symbiosis and pathogenicity, their secretion and expression patterns in culture and in the host, and begin to dissect the extent of their genetic coregulation. We describe the presence of several large genomic islands, putatively involved in pathogenicity or symbiosis, within the otherwise Yersinia-like backbone of the Photorhabdus genome. Finally, we examine the emerging comparative genomics of the Photorhabdus group and begin to describe the interrelationship between anti-invertebrate virulence factors and those used against vertebrates.
致病性和共生关系是细菌与宿主相互作用的核心。尽管几种人类病原体已经接受了功能基因组分析，但尽管无脊椎动物病原体在生态上普遍存在，我们对细菌与无脊椎动物之间的相互作用仍然知之甚少。我们对这一领域的了解进展常常受到分离和研究无脊椎动物致病细菌及其宿主的困难所阻碍。在这里，我们综述了关于昆虫致病细菌发光杆菌属及其昆虫病原线虫载体和模式昆虫宿主的致病性和共生关系的研究。在这些宿主之间转换时，发光杆菌属从与其线虫载体共生的状态转变为对新的昆虫宿主具有致病性的状态，然后细菌和线虫共同利用垂死的昆虫。我们研究了参与共生和致病性的候选基因、它们在培养物和宿主中的分泌和表达模式，并开始剖析它们的遗传共调控程度。我们描述了在发光杆菌属基因组中类似耶尔森菌属的主干内存在几个可能参与致病性或共生的大基因组岛。最后，我们研究了发光杆菌属群体新出现的比较基因组学，并开始描述抗无脊椎动物毒力因子与抗脊椎动物毒力因子之间的相互关系。
