Yeatman Dustin Tate, Reid Katrina
Toxicology Section, Florida Department of Law Enforcement, Orlando, Florida, USA.
J Anal Toxicol. 2003 Jan-Feb;27(1):40-2. doi: 10.1093/jat/27.1.40.
In recent years, the use of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), as a recreational drug has prompted forensic toxicology laboratories to incorporate the analysis for GHB into their routine screening procedures. GHB, being a natural occurring constituent of the human body, presents a challenge for forensic toxicologists in that endogenous levels and exogenous levels of GHB need to be differentiated in case samples. This study was designed to determine typical urinary endogenous levels of GHB in humans based on the analysis of urine samples voluntarily provided by 55 male and female subjects ranging in age from 6 to 59 years. All samples were initially screened for the presence of GHB utilizing a hydrolysis method designed to quantitatively convert the GHB in urine samples to gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) followed by the liquid-liquid extraction and analysis of any GBL present by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). As a confirmation test, samples were then extracted by a solid-phase extraction technique, derivatized to GHB di-TMS, and analyzed by GC-MS. The median concentration determined for the 55 subjects was 1.3 mg/mL (mean = 1.65 microg/mL, range 0.9 microg/mL to 3.5 microg/mL, standard deviation 0.68 microg/mL). The results of this study confirm the previously suggested cutoff of 10 microg/mL for routine forensic analyses.
近年来，γ-羟基丁酸（GHB）作为一种消遣性毒品被使用，这促使法医毒理学实验室将GHB分析纳入其常规筛查程序。GHB作为人体的一种天然成分，给法医毒理学家带来了挑战，因为在案件样本中需要区分GHB的内源性水平和外源性水平。本研究旨在通过分析55名年龄在6至59岁之间的男性和女性自愿提供的尿液样本，确定人体尿液中GHB的典型内源性水平。所有样本最初采用一种水解方法进行GHB筛查，该方法旨在将尿液样本中的GHB定量转化为γ-丁内酯（GBL），然后通过液-液萃取并用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析存在的任何GBL。作为确证试验，样本随后采用固相萃取技术进行萃取，衍生化为GHB二-TMS，并通过GC-MS进行分析。55名受试者的测定中位数浓度为1.3毫克/毫升（平均值 = 1.65微克/毫升，范围0.9微克/毫升至3.5微克/毫升，标准差0.68微克/毫升）。本研究结果证实了之前建议的常规法医分析的截断值为10微克/毫升。
