LeBeau Marc A, Montgomery Madeline A, Morris-Kukoski Cynthia, Schaff Jason E, Deakin Anna, Levine Barry
Chemistry Unit, FBI Laboratory, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, USA.
J Anal Toxicol. 2006 Mar;30(2):98-105. doi: 10.1093/jat/30.2.98.
This study was designed to supplement previous attempts to establish an accurate range of normal endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) concentrations in random antemortem urine samples. Furthermore, its purpose was to ascertain the effect of gender, race, age, medications, and select medical conditions on endogenous concentrations of GHB in urine and the proposed endogenous urinary GHB cutoff of 10 microg/mL. Urine samples (n = 207) were provided by subjects who reported that they had never used GHB. As part of the collection process, subjects also completed a short survey to collect information about gender, race, age, orally ingested medications, and select medical conditions. All specimens were analyzed in duplicate for the presence of endogenous GHB using a previously reported headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The data were analyzed for tendencies among different population groups. GHB concentrations ranged from 0.00 to 2.70 microg/mL in all specimens, with a median concentration of 0.24 microg/mL. Males (n = 130) had an average endogenous GHB concentration of 0.27 microg/mL (0.00-2.70 microg/mL), whereas females (n = 77) averaged 0.29 microg/mL (0.00-0.98 microg/mL). Select medical conditions and participants' race, age ranges, and medications that were used within 48 h prior to collection were also evaluated. We believe this to be the most comprehensive study on endogenous GHB concentrations in urine to date. The results of this study will aid the interpretation of low GHB concentrations measured in urine samples, particularly in investigations of drug-facilitated crimes.
本研究旨在补充先前的尝试，以确定随机生前尿液样本中内源性γ-羟基丁酸（GHB）浓度的准确正常范围。此外，其目的是确定性别、种族、年龄、药物和特定医疗状况对尿液中GHB内源性浓度以及拟议的尿液内源性GHB临界值10微克/毫升的影响。尿液样本（n = 207）由报告从未使用过GHB的受试者提供。作为采集过程的一部分，受试者还完成了一项简短调查，以收集有关性别、种族、年龄、口服药物和特定医疗状况的信息。使用先前报道的顶空气相色谱-质谱法对所有标本进行双份分析，以检测内源性GHB的存在。对不同人群组的数据进行了趋势分析。所有标本中GHB浓度范围为0.00至2.70微克/毫升，中位数浓度为0.24微克/毫升。男性（n = 130）的内源性GHB平均浓度为0.27微克/毫升（0.00 - 2.70微克/毫升），而女性（n = 77）平均为0.29微克/毫升（0.00 - 0.98微克/毫升）。还评估了特定医疗状况以及采集前48小时内使用的参与者种族、年龄范围和药物。我们认为这是迄今为止关于尿液中内源性GHB浓度最全面的研究。本研究结果将有助于解释尿液样本中测得的低GHB浓度，特别是在药物辅助犯罪调查中。
