Dubnov Gal, Brzezinski Amnon, Berry Elliot M
Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
Maturitas. 2003 Feb 25;44(2):89-101. doi: 10.1016/s0378-5122(02)00328-6.
Postmenopausal women have an increased tendency for gaining weight. The declines of endogenous estrogen, together with physical inactivity, are probably the major causes of this phenomenon. Postmenopausal overweight and obesity leads to increased rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and all cause mortality. Additional consequences may include hormone-dependent cancer, gallstones, nephrolithiasis, and osteoarthritis. Weight loss can reverse many of these complications, reduce the number and dosages of medications used, and improve longevity. This difficult task requires lifestyle modification.
To review the current information about the effects of physical activity on postmenopausal weight gain and its consequences and to provide basic strategies to treat obesity during the menopause transition.
A Medline search together with a manual search of selected articles.
Several options for weight loss are available, yet lifestyle modification is essential in managing postmenopausal obesity and overweight. While this demands dietary and behavioral changes, a major element of this modification is regular physical activity, which reduces obesity-related morbidity and mortality. The amendment to a healthier lifestyle is achievable at the postmenopausal years. All medical personnel should advocate against overweight and obesity and provide tools for their management.
绝经后女性体重增加的倾向增强。内源性雌激素水平下降，再加上缺乏身体活动，可能是这一现象的主要原因。绝经后超重和肥胖会导致高血压、糖尿病、冠状动脉疾病的发病率增加以及全因死亡率上升。其他后果可能包括激素依赖性癌症、胆结石、肾结石和骨关节炎。体重减轻可以逆转许多这些并发症，减少所用药物的数量和剂量，并延长寿命。这项艰巨的任务需要改变生活方式。
回顾当前关于身体活动对绝经后体重增加及其后果影响的信息，并提供在绝经过渡期间治疗肥胖的基本策略。
进行医学文献数据库（Medline）检索并人工检索选定的文章。
有几种减肥选择，但改变生活方式对于管理绝经后肥胖和超重至关重要。虽然这需要饮食和行为改变，但这种改变的一个主要因素是定期进行身体活动，这可以降低与肥胖相关的发病率和死亡率。在绝经后时期可以实现向更健康生活方式的转变。所有医务人员都应倡导预防超重和肥胖，并提供管理超重和肥胖的方法。
