Maier T
Hohenegg, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Meilen.
Nervenarzt. 2003 Jan;74(1):35-9. doi: 10.1007/s00115-002-1316-1.
The systems theory of Niklas Luhmann declares itself as a universal theory and therefore claims applicability to any social and psychic phenomenon.In spite of its high complexity, to many it seems too vague and nonspecific. The possible usefulness of this theory should be demonstrated on the example of the development of delusion, still a mysterious and unexplained phenomenon. Within the framework of Luhmann's systems theory, delusion can be considered a communication disorder and therefore a phenomenon within the social system. Both the autopoietic systems society and psyche are based on and processed by meaning but cannot communicate directly, and they are mutually nontransparent and unpredictable. Due to this fact, the interface between the two systems is a potential source of disturbances. Luhmann defines the distinction of information, message, and understanding as the crucial element to connect the social system with the psychic one. If the psychic system fails to recognize the message of an information correctly or is unable to negotiate between understanding and misunderstanding messages, it detaches itself from the social system to which it is normally closely connected. This detachment releases the possibility of unhindered autistic fulfillment of desires and uncontrolled fear. Due to the meaning-based autopoiesis of the psychic system,these released thoughts and emotions still appear in meaningfully condensed form as delusions.
尼克拉斯·卢曼的系统理论宣称自己是一种普遍理论，因此声称适用于任何社会和心理现象。尽管其高度复杂，但对许多人来说，它似乎过于模糊和不具体。该理论的可能用途应以妄想的发展为例进行说明，妄想仍是一种神秘且无法解释的现象。在卢曼系统理论的框架内，妄想可被视为一种沟通障碍，因此是社会系统中的一种现象。自创生系统社会和心理都是基于意义并由意义处理的，但它们不能直接沟通，且相互不透明且不可预测。由于这一事实，两个系统之间的界面是干扰的潜在来源。卢曼将信息、消息和理解的区分定义为连接社会系统和心理系统的关键要素。如果心理系统未能正确识别信息的消息，或无法在理解和误解消息之间进行协商，它就会与通常紧密相连的社会系统脱离。这种脱离释放了欲望不受阻碍地实现和恐惧不受控制的可能性。由于心理系统基于意义的自创生，这些释放的思想和情感仍以有意义的浓缩形式作为妄想出现。
