Rodríguez Jorge, De La Torre Alejandro, Miranda Claudio T
Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Guatemala.
Biomedica. 2002 Dec;22 Suppl 2:337-46.
Mental health is a serious problem in Latin America where many communities have been directly affected by armed conflict, communities in which large population groups have been displaced or have sought refuge. Research studies and epidemiological statistics are summarized to emphasize the psychosocial consequences of traumatic events associated with armed conflict. In addition to specific psychological disorders, other more generalized are considered such as fear, affliction, diseases, social disorder, violence and psychoactive substance consumption. Finally, the main points of a mental health plan for emergency situations are described which include the following: (1) preliminary diagnosis, (2) increase, decentralize and strengthen mental health public services, (3) psychosocial attention to the prevailing disorders--with emphasis on childhood problems, (4) initiate training and use of non-specialized personnel, and (5) identification of special needs requiring attention by psychologists and psychiatrists. Other aspects emphasized were community education, training, social communication, community organization, social participation, interinstitutional coordination, flexibility, sustainability, and specific actions in accordance with local needs.
心理健康在拉丁美洲是一个严重问题，许多社区受到武装冲突的直接影响，在这些社区中，大量人口被迫流离失所或寻求避难。对研究和流行病学统计数据进行了总结，以强调与武装冲突相关的创伤事件的心理社会后果。除了特定的心理障碍外，还考虑了其他更普遍的问题，如恐惧、痛苦、疾病、社会混乱、暴力和精神活性物质的使用。最后，描述了紧急情况下心理健康计划的要点，包括以下内容：(1)初步诊断；(2)增加、分散并加强心理健康公共服务；(3)对普遍存在的障碍提供心理社会关注——重点是儿童问题；(4)启动对非专业人员的培训和使用；(5)确定需要心理学家和精神科医生关注的特殊需求。强调的其他方面包括社区教育、培训、社会沟通、社区组织、社会参与、机构间协调、灵活性、可持续性以及根据当地需求采取的具体行动。
