Abramowitz Sharon A
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2005 Nov;61(10):2106-18. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.023.
This paper uses Kai Erikson's (Everything in its path: the disaster at Buffalo Creek. Simon & Schuster, New York, 1978) definition of collective trauma to interrogate the symptom reports and narrative accounts of six Guinean communities attacked by Sierra Leonean and Liberian RUF forces in 2000-2001. These data, collected in 2003, found high rates of fear, physical anxiety, emotional anxiety, depression, physical distress, sadness, and post-traumatic stress disorder-related symptoms across all communities, but found lower rates of distress among communities that had developed collective narratives of resistance to violence, or had concertedly resisted post-conflict social change. Communities with higher rates of distress tended to report community narratives of violence and post-conflict social life, which emphasized abandonment, isolation, disregard of community rituals and social supports, and the dislocation of local moral worlds. This study argues that the physical and emotional symptoms of trauma-related mental illness are articulations of collective trauma and represent the physical and emotional manifestations of the destruction of local moral worlds. It illuminates the processes by which violence inverts social experience, and argues that the social dimensions of trauma have long-term consequences for post-conflict reconstruction.
本文采用凯·埃里克森（《一切都在它的路径上：布法罗溪灾难》，西蒙与舒斯特出版社，纽约，1978年）对集体创伤的定义，审视了2000年至2001年期间受到塞拉利昂和利比里亚联阵部队袭击的六个几内亚社区的症状报告和叙事记录。这些于2003年收集的数据发现，所有社区中恐惧、身体焦虑、情绪焦虑、抑郁、身体不适、悲伤以及与创伤后应激障碍相关症状的发生率都很高，但在那些形成了对暴力的集体抵抗叙事、或一致抵制冲突后社会变革的社区中，痛苦发生率较低。痛苦发生率较高的社区倾向于报告关于暴力和冲突后社会生活的社区叙事，这些叙事强调被遗弃、孤立、对社区仪式和社会支持的漠视，以及当地道德世界的混乱。本研究认为，与创伤相关的精神疾病的身体和情绪症状是集体创伤的表现，代表了当地道德世界被破坏的身体和情绪表现。它阐明了暴力颠覆社会体验的过程，并认为创伤的社会层面会对冲突后重建产生长期影响。
