Montonen Jukka, Knekt Paul, Järvinen Ritva, Aromaa Arpo, Reunanen Antti
National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Mar;77(3):622-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/77.3.622.
Epidemiologic evidence of a preventive effect of whole grain against type 2 diabetes is mainly based on data from women. Information specific to men and women is needed.
The objective was to study the relation between the intake of whole grain and fiber and the subsequent incidence of type 2 diabetes.
The design was a cohort study of 2286 men and 2030 women aged 40-69 y and initially free of diabetes. Food consumption data were collected from 1966 through 1972 with the use of a dietary history interview covering the habitual diet during the previous year. During a 10-y follow-up, incident type 2 diabetes cases were identified in 54 men and 102 women from a nationwide register.
Whole-grain consumption was associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. The relative risk (adjusted for age, sex, geographic area, smoking status, body mass index, energy intake, and intakes of vegetables, fruit, and berries) between the highest and lowest quartiles of whole-grain consumption was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.36, 1.18; P for trend = 0.02). Cereal fiber intake was also associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. The relative risk between the extreme quartiles of cereal fiber intake was 0.39 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.77; P = 0.01).
An inverse association between whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes was found. The similar result for cereal fiber intake suggests that the whole-grain association is due to cereal fiber or another factor related to cereal fiber intake.
全谷物对2型糖尿病具有预防作用的流行病学证据主要基于女性数据。需要有关男性和女性的具体信息。
研究全谷物和纤维摄入量与随后2型糖尿病发病率之间的关系。
这是一项队列研究，纳入了2286名年龄在40 - 69岁且最初无糖尿病的男性和2030名女性。1966年至1972年期间，通过饮食史访谈收集食物消费数据，该访谈涵盖前一年的习惯性饮食。在10年的随访期间，从全国登记处确定了54名男性和102名女性发生2型糖尿病。
全谷物消费与2型糖尿病风险降低相关。全谷物消费最高和最低四分位数之间的相对风险（根据年龄、性别、地理区域、吸烟状况、体重指数、能量摄入以及蔬菜、水果和浆果的摄入量进行调整）为0.65（95%CI：0.36，1.18；趋势P值 = 0.02）。谷物纤维摄入量也与2型糖尿病风险降低相关。谷物纤维摄入量极端四分位数之间的相对风险为0.39（95%CI：0.20，0.77；P = 0.01）。
发现全谷物摄入量与2型糖尿病风险之间存在负相关。谷物纤维摄入量的类似结果表明，全谷物的相关性是由于谷物纤维或与谷物纤维摄入量相关的另一个因素。
