Koistinen Ville M, Haldar Sumanto, Tuomainen Marjo, Lehtonen Marko, Klåvus Anton, Draper John, Lloyd Amanda, Beckmann Manfred, Bal Wendy, Ross Alastair B, Brandt Kirsten, Fawcett Lee, Seal Chris, Hanhineva Kati
Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
NPJ Sci Food. 2024 Jan 30;8(1):8. doi: 10.1038/s41538-024-00247-0.
Epidemiological studies have shown associations between whole-grain intake and lowered disease risk. A sufficient level of whole-grain intake to reach the health benefits has not been established, and there is limited knowledge about the impact of whole-grain intake on metabolite levels. In this clinical intervention study, we aimed to identify plasma and urine metabolites associated with two different intake levels of whole-grain wheat and rye and to correlate them with clinical plasma biomarkers. Healthy volunteers (N = 68) were divided into two groups receiving either whole-grain wheat or whole-grain rye in two four-week interventions with 48 and 96 g/d of whole grains consumed. The metabolomics of the plasma samples was performed with UPLC-QTOF-MS. Plasma alkylresorcinols were quantified with GC-MS and plasma and urinary mammalian lignans with HPLC-ECD. The high-dose intervention impacted the metabolite profile, including microbial metabolites, more in the rye-enriched diet compared with wheat. Among the increased metabolites were alkylresorcinol glucuronides, sinapyl alcohol, and pipecolic acid betaine, while the decreased metabolites included acylcarnitines and ether lipids. Plasma alkylresorcinols, urinary enterolactone, and total mammalian lignans reflected the study diets in a dose-dependent manner. Several key metabolites linked with whole-grain consumption and gut microbial metabolism increased in a linear manner between the two interventions. The results reveal that an increase in whole-grain intake, particularly rye, is strongly reflected in the metabolite profile, is correlated with clinical variables, and suggests that a diet rich in whole grains promotes the growth and/or metabolism of microbes producing potentially beneficial microbial metabolites.
流行病学研究表明，全谷物摄入与降低疾病风险之间存在关联。尚未确定达到健康益处所需的全谷物摄入量水平，并且关于全谷物摄入对代谢物水平的影响的了解有限。在这项临床干预研究中，我们旨在确定与两种不同全谷物小麦和黑麦摄入量水平相关的血浆和尿液代谢物，并将它们与临床血浆生物标志物相关联。健康志愿者（N = 68）被分为两组，在两个为期四周的干预中分别接受全谷物小麦或全谷物黑麦，全谷物的摄入量分别为48克/天和96克/天。血浆样本的代谢组学分析采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-QTOF-MS）。血浆烷基间苯二酚用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）定量，血浆和尿液中的哺乳动物木脂素用高效液相色谱-电化学检测器（HPLC-ECD）测定。与小麦相比，高剂量干预对富含黑麦饮食的代谢物谱（包括微生物代谢物）的影响更大。增加的代谢物包括烷基间苯二酚葡萄糖醛酸苷、芥子醇和哌啶酸甜菜碱，而减少的代谢物包括酰基肉碱和醚脂。血浆烷基间苯二酚、尿液肠内酯和总哺乳动物木脂素以剂量依赖的方式反映了研究饮食。在两次干预之间，几种与全谷物消费和肠道微生物代谢相关的关键代谢物呈线性增加。结果表明，全谷物摄入量的增加，特别是黑麦，在代谢物谱中得到强烈反映，与临床变量相关，并表明富含全谷物的饮食促进了产生潜在有益微生物代谢物的微生物的生长和/或代谢。
