Caballero-Hoyos Ramiro, Villaseñor-Sierra Alberto
Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud del Adolescente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
Salud Publica Mex. 2003;45 Suppl 1:S108-14.
To describe the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among adolescents from different socioeconomic strata (SS), using cultural consensus analysis.
A cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study was conducted from July 1995 to March 1996, among 758 adolescents from Guadalajara, México. Data were collected using a questionnaire, and analyzed by means of: a) consensus by SS and gender using factorial analysis; and b) identification of the cultural pattern of correct answers, and concordance of individual/group answers using Pearson's r correlation coefficients.
There was a high degree of consensus across SS. The individual/group knowledge concordance was greater in higher SS. The pattern of correct responses showed: a) similar knowledge on casual transmission, AIDS characteristics, and higher risk in sex workers; and b) discrepancies regarding doubts and uncertainties about condom protection, distinction between HIV and AIDS, and HIV transmission in health clinics.
Knowledge was homogeneous and mainly medically oriented across all SS. Nevertheless, there were elements of doubt and uncertainty that require differentiated informative interventions.
运用文化共识分析描述不同社会经济阶层（SS）青少年对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的认知情况。
1995年7月至1996年3月，对墨西哥瓜达拉哈拉市的758名青少年进行了一项横断面描述性和分析性研究。通过问卷调查收集数据，并采用以下方法进行分析：a）运用因子分析按社会经济阶层和性别达成共识；b）确定正确答案的文化模式，并使用皮尔逊相关系数确定个体/群体答案的一致性。
各社会经济阶层之间存在高度共识。在较高社会经济阶层中，个体/群体知识的一致性更高。正确回答模式显示：a）在偶然传播、艾滋病特征以及性工作者的较高风险方面知识相似；b）在对避孕套保护的疑问和不确定性、艾滋病毒与艾滋病的区别以及卫生诊所中的艾滋病毒传播方面存在差异。
所有社会经济阶层的知识较为一致且主要以医学为导向。然而，存在一些疑问和不确定因素，需要进行有针对性的信息干预。
