Weseler A, Saller R, Reichling J
Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg.
Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2002 Dec;9(6):346-51. doi: 10.1159/000069234.
PADMA 28 is a multicompound preparation of 20 herbs, calcium sulphate, and camphor, derived from Tibetan medicine. It is usually used in the treatment of peripheral circulatory disorders, accompanied by the symptoms tingling, formication, heaviness and tenseness in arms and legs, numbness in hands and feet, and cramps in the calf. Recently, the question of whether appropriate preparations of PADMA 28 also exhibit antibacterial and antimycotic activity has often been raised. As there are as yet no experimental findings that answer this question, an in vitro study was carried out. In a parallel survey we investigated the antimicrobial properties of 5 herbal drugs which are commonly used in the traditional European folk medicine for the topical treatment of mild skin infections, wounds and eczematous skin lesions.
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of alcohol-based (tinctures) and aqueous (teas) herbal drug preparations were determined in vitro by a broth microdilution method for 5 Gram-positive and 5 Gram-negative bacteria, as well as the yeast Candida albicans.
The aqueous and alcohol-based PADMA 28 preparations as well as the corresponding preparations of the European herbal drugs showed an antibacterial effect against Gram-positive bacteria in vitro. These bacteria revealed a somewhat higher sensitivity to the teas prepared from the European herbal drugs (MIC: 1.3-20.0 mg/ml) than to the aqueous preparations of PADMA 28 (MIC: 5.0-40.0 mg/ml). The better antibacterial activity of the European herbal drugs is probably based on their relatively high amount of tanning agents. On the other hand, all tested plant preparations inhibited not at all or only insufficiently the growth of the Gram-negative bacteria tested and that of Candida albicans. The ethanolic PADMA 28 tinctures showed an improved inhibitory effect on the Gram-positive bacteria (MIC: 0.38-1.51% tincture or 0.38-1.51 mg PADMA 28/ml) compared with the aqueous preparations; this effect is comparable to the ethanolic tinctures of the tested European herbal drugs (MIC: 0.4-1.6/3.2% tincture or 0.4-1.6/3.2 mg herbal drug/ml).
All tested tea preparations and alcoholic tinctures of PADMA 28 as well as those of the selected European herbal drugs exhibited evident antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria in vitro. On the other hand, except for Klebsiella pneumoniae, all Gram-negative bacteria tested and the yeast Candida albicans were insensitive against the different aqueous and alcohol-based plant extracts.
帕德玛28是一种源自藏药的复方制剂，由20种草药、硫酸钙和樟脑组成。它通常用于治疗外周循环障碍，伴有手臂和腿部刺痛、蚁走感、沉重感和紧张感、手脚麻木以及小腿抽筋等症状。最近，关于帕德玛28的适当制剂是否也具有抗菌和抗真菌活性的问题经常被提出。由于目前尚无实验结果能回答这个问题，因此进行了一项体外研究。在一项平行调查中，我们研究了5种常用于欧洲传统民间医学局部治疗轻度皮肤感染、伤口和湿疹性皮肤病变的草药的抗菌特性。
采用肉汤微量稀释法，体外测定了5种革兰氏阳性菌、5种革兰氏阴性菌以及白色念珠菌对酒精性（酊剂）和水性（茶剂）草药制剂的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。
水性和酒精性帕德玛28制剂以及相应的欧洲草药制剂在体外对革兰氏阳性菌均显示出抗菌作用。这些细菌对欧洲草药制成的茶剂（MIC：1.3 - 20.0毫克/毫升）的敏感性略高于对帕德玛28水性制剂（MIC：5.0 - 40.0毫克/毫升）的敏感性。欧洲草药较好的抗菌活性可能基于其相对较高含量的鞣质。另一方面，所有测试的植物制剂对所测试的革兰氏阴性菌和白色念珠菌的生长几乎没有抑制作用或抑制作用不足。与水性制剂相比，酒精性帕德玛28酊剂对革兰氏阳性菌显示出更好的抑制作用（MIC：0.38 - 1.51%酊剂或0.38 - 1.51毫克帕德玛28/毫升）；这种效果与所测试的欧洲草药的酒精性酊剂相当（MIC：0.4 - 1.6/3.2%酊剂或0.4 - 1.6/3.2毫克草药/毫升）。
所有测试的帕德玛28茶剂和酒精性酊剂以及所选欧洲草药的茶剂和酊剂在体外对革兰氏阳性菌均显示出明显的抗菌作用。另一方面，除肺炎克雷伯菌外，所有测试的革兰氏阴性菌和白色念珠菌对不同的水性和酒精性植物提取物均不敏感。
