Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
Pak J Pharm Sci. 2020 Jul;33(4):1443-1449.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity of the active ingredient in selected antimicrobial magistral drug formulations and plant extracts used in folk medicine, comparatively. The active ingredients of magistrals such as; boric acid, balsam of Peru, zinc oxide, Calendula tincture, thymol, resorcinol, crystal violet were used as well as fruit or leaf extracts of Juniperus excelsa (Je), J. sabina (Js), J. foetidissima (Jf), J. communis ssp. nana (Jcsn), and J. oxycedrus spp. oxycedrus ripe (Joso) to determine the antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria (S. pyogenes, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis), gram negative bacteria (K. pneumoniae, H. influenza, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. coli), and fungi (Candida. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei) by using microdilution method. The inhibition end point of the minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) were determined as μ mL. The active ingredient and plant extracts have shown antibacterial and antifungal activities with a MIC values of 1->128μmL. The active ingredient crystal violet (MIC; 1 μ mL) as well as Je- fruit ethanol, Jf-leaf and fruit ethanol, Joso-leaf and fruit ethanol extracts (MIC; 16μ mL) have exhibited the highest antimicrobial activities (MIC; 16μ mL). Although ingredients of magistrals seem to exert similar antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis (MIC; 32μmL), thymol and resorcinol were observed to be more active against C. krusei (MIC; 16μ mL). Extracts were more pronounced against P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and S. epidermidis (MIC ranging from 16 to 32). In the mine time, the extracts showed equal antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (MIC; 16μ mL). In our study, antimicrobial activity of the natural compounds and ingredients of selected magistrals have found to be promising with MIC values of 16-32μ mL. According to the results of our antimicrobial activity studies, utilization of Juniperus extracts in antimicrobial magistral formulations can be suggested.
本研究的目的是比较评估选定的抗菌顺势疗法制剂和民间医学中使用的植物提取物的有效成分的体外生物活性。顺势疗法制剂的有效成分，如硼酸、秘鲁香脂、氧化锌、金盏花酊、百里香酚、间苯二酚、结晶紫，以及杜松（Juniperus excelsa）的果实或叶提取物（Je）、沙棘（J. sabina）（Js）、臭杜松（J. foetidissima）（Jf）、矮生杜松（J. communis ssp. nana）（Jcsn）和东方雪松（J. oxycedrus spp. oxycedrus）成熟果实或叶提取物（Joso），用于测定对革兰氏阳性菌（化脓性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌）、革兰氏阴性菌（肺炎克雷伯菌、流感嗜血杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠杆菌）和真菌（白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、克柔念珠菌）的抗菌活性，采用微量稀释法。最低抑菌浓度（MIC）的抑制终点确定为μ mL。有效成分和植物提取物表现出抗菌和抗真菌活性，MIC 值为 1-128μmL。活性成分结晶紫（MIC；1μmL）以及 Je-果实乙醇、Jf-叶和果实乙醇、Joso-叶和果实乙醇提取物（MIC；16μmL）表现出最高的抗菌活性（MIC；16μmL）。尽管顺势疗法制剂的成分似乎对白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌（MIC；32μmL）表现出相似的抗真菌活性，但百里香酚和间苯二酚对克柔念珠菌（MIC；16μmL）的活性更强。提取物对铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌的作用更为明显（MIC 范围为 16-32）。同时，提取物对白色念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌表现出相同的抗真菌活性（MIC；16μmL）。在我们的研究中，天然化合物和选定顺势疗法制剂成分的抗菌活性具有很大的应用前景，MIC 值为 16-32μmL。根据我们的抗菌活性研究结果，建议将杜松提取物用于抗菌顺势疗法制剂中。
