Horton D Kevin, Berkowitz Zahava, Haugh Gilbert S, Orr Maureen F, Kaye Wendy E
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Studies/Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
J Hazard Mater. 2003 Mar 17;98(1-3):161-75. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3894(02)00315-1.
Massive quantities of hazardous substances are transported each day throughout the United States. While most arrive safely at their destination, uncontrolled releases of substances in transit do occur and have the potential of causing acute public health consequences for those individuals at or near the release. Data from 16 state health departments participating in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system were analyzed to determine the public health consequences that occurred from actual releases in transit. Of the 9392 transportation events analyzed, 9.1% resulted in 2008 victims, including 115 deaths. The population groups injured most often were employees and the general public. The most common injury sustained was respiratory irritation. Evacuations were ordered in 5.5% of events effecting at least 63,686 people. Human error and equipment failure were the most common factors leading to events. These findings underscore the importance of job safety training, community planning, and effective emergency response to prevent adverse public health consequences from occurring or lessen their effect on the public.
美国每天都有大量有害物质被运输。虽然大多数运输能安全抵达目的地，但运输过程中物质的无控释放确实会发生，这有可能对释放点及附近的个人造成急性公共卫生后果。对参与有毒物质和疾病登记署（ATSDR）有害物质应急事件监测（HSEES）系统的16个州卫生部门的数据进行了分析，以确定运输过程中实际释放所造成的公共卫生后果。在分析的9392起运输事件中，9.1%导致2008人受害，其中包括115人死亡。受伤最频繁的人群是雇员和普通公众。最常见的伤害是呼吸道刺激。在5.5%影响至少63686人的事件中发布了疏散命令。人为失误和设备故障是导致事件的最常见因素。这些发现强调了职业安全培训、社区规划以及有效应急响应对于预防不良公共卫生后果发生或减轻其对公众影响的重要性。
