Hilfiker Roger, Hübner Klaus, Lorenz Tobias, Marti Bernard
University of Applied Sciences Valais, Domain Health and Social Work, Leukerbad, Switzerland.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 May;21(2):550-5. doi: 10.1519/R-20215.1.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate influence of eccentric muscle action on vertical jump performance in athletes performing sports with a high demand of explosive force development. In this randomized, controlled crossover trial, 13 Swiss elite athletes (national team members in ski jump, ski alpine, snowboard freestyle and alpine, ski freestyle, and gymnastics) with a mean age of 22 years (range 20-28) were randomized into 2 groups. After a semistandardized warm-up, group 1 did 5 jumps from a height of 60 cm, landing with active stabilization in 90 degrees knee flexion. One minute after these modified drop jumps, they performed 3 single squat jumps (SJ) and 3 single countermovement jumps (CMJ) on a force platform. The athletes repeated the procedure after 1 hour without the modified drop jumps. In a crossover manner, group 2 did the first warm-up without and the second warm-up with the modified drop jumps. Differences of the performance (jump height and maximal power) between the different warm-ups were the main outcomes. The mean absolute power and absolute height (without drop jumps) were CMJ 54.9 W.kg(-1) (SD = 4.1), SJ 55.0 W.kg(-1) (SD = 5.1), CMJ 44.1 cm (SD = 4.1), and SJ 40.8 cm (SD = 4.1). A consistent tendency for improvement with added drop jumps to the warm-up routine was observed compared with warm-up without drop jumps: maximal power CMJ +1.02 W.kg(-1) (95% confidence interval [CI] = +0.03 to +2.38), p = 0.045; maximal power SJ +0.8 W.kg(-1) (95% CI = -0.34 to +2.02), p = 0.148; jump height CMJ +0.48 cm (95% CI = -0.26 to +1.2), p = 0.182; SJ +0.73 cm (95% CI = -0.36 to +1.18), p = 0.169. Athletes could add modified drop jumps to the warm-up before competitions to improve explosive force development.
本研究的目的是评估离心肌肉动作对从事需要高爆发力发展的运动项目的运动员垂直跳跃表现的即时影响。在这项随机对照交叉试验中，13名瑞士精英运动员（跳台滑雪、高山滑雪、自由式滑雪板和高山滑雪、自由式滑雪以及体操项目的国家队队员）被随机分为两组，平均年龄为22岁（范围20 - 28岁）。在进行半标准化热身之后，第1组从60厘米高度进行5次跳跃，以主动稳定的方式在膝关节屈曲90度时落地。在这些改良的纵跳练习后1分钟，他们在测力平台上进行3次单腿深蹲跳（SJ）和3次单腿反向纵跳（CMJ）。运动员在1小时后重复该程序，但不进行改良的纵跳练习。以交叉方式，第2组第一次热身不进行改良纵跳练习，第二次热身进行改良纵跳练习。不同热身方式之间的表现差异（跳跃高度和最大功率）是主要结果。平均绝对功率和绝对高度（无纵跳练习时）分别为：CMJ为54.9瓦·千克⁻¹（标准差 = 4.1），SJ为55.0瓦·千克⁻¹（标准差 = 5.1），CMJ为44.1厘米（标准差 = 4.1），SJ为40.8厘米（标准差 = 4.1）。与无纵跳练习的热身相比，观察到在热身程序中增加纵跳练习有持续的改善趋势：CMJ最大功率增加1.02瓦·千克⁻¹（95%置信区间[CI] = +0.03至 +2.38），p = 0.045；SJ最大功率增加0.8瓦·千克⁻¹（95%CI = -0.34至 +2.02），p = 0.148；CMJ跳跃高度增加0.48厘米（95%CI = -0.26至 +1.2），p = 0.182；SJ跳跃高度增加0.73厘米（95%CI = -0.36至 +1.18），p =
