Vetter Rheba E
Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance Department, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, Missouri 64468, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Aug;21(3):819-23. doi: 10.1519/R-20296.1.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 6 warm-up protocols, with and without stretches, on 2 different power maneuvers: a 30-m sprint run and a vertical countermovement jump (CJ). The 6 protocols were: (a) walk plus run (WR); (b) WR plus exercises including small jumps (EJ); (c) WR plus dynamic active stretch plus exercises with small jumps (DAEJ); (d) WR plus dynamic active stretch (DA); (e) WR plus static stretch plus exercises with small jumps (SSEJ); and (f) WR plus static stretch (SS). Twenty-six college-age men (n = 14) and women (n = 12) performed each of 6 randomly ordered exercise routines prior to randomly ordered sprint and vertical jump field tests; each routine and subsequent tests were performed on separate days. A 2 x 6 repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant overall linear trend (p < or = 0.05) with a general tendency toward reduction in jump height when examined in the following analysis entry order: WR, EJ, DAEJ, DA, SSEJ, and SS. The post hoc analysis pairwise comparisons showed the WR protocol produced higher jumps than did SS (p = 0.003 < or = 0.05), and DAEJ produced higher jumps than did SS (p = 0.009 < or = 0.05). There were no significant differences among the 6 protocols on sprint run performance (p > or = 0.05). No significant interaction occurred between gender and protocol. There were significant differences between men and women on CJ and sprint trials; as expected, in general men ran faster and jumped higher than the women did. The data indicate that a warm-up including static stretching may negatively impact jump performance, but not sprint time.
本研究的目的是比较6种热身方案（有或无拉伸）对两种不同功率动作的影响：30米短跑和垂直反向纵跳（CJ）。这6种方案分别是：（a）步行加跑步（WR）；（b）WR加包括小跳的练习（EJ）；（c）WR加动态主动拉伸加小跳练习（DAEJ）；（d）WR加动态主动拉伸（DA）；（e）WR加静态拉伸加小跳练习（SSEJ）；以及（f）WR加静态拉伸（SS）。26名大学年龄男性（n = 14）和女性（n = 12）在随机安排的短跑和垂直跳场地测试之前，分别进行了6种随机排序的锻炼程序；每个程序及随后的测试均在不同日期进行。两因素6次重复测量方差分析显示，当按照以下分析条目顺序进行检查时，存在显著的总体线性趋势（p≤0.05），即跳高水平总体上有降低的趋势：WR、EJ、DAEJ、DA、SSEJ和SS。事后分析的成对比较表明，WR方案产生的跳跃高度高于SS方案（p = 0.003≤0.05），DAEJ方案产生的跳跃高度高于SS方案（p = 0.009≤0.05）。6种方案在短跑成绩上没有显著差异（p≥0.05）。性别与方案之间没有显著的交互作用。在CJ和短跑测试中，男性和女性之间存在显著差异；正如预期的那样，总体上男性比女性跑得更快、跳得更高。数据表明，包括静态拉伸的热身可能会对跳跃成绩产生负面影响，但不会影响短跑时间。
