Figueroa Arturo, Going Scott B, Milliken Laura A, Blew Robert M, Sharp Sarah, Teixeira Pedro J, Lohman Timothy G
Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, New York 13244, USA.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003 Mar;58(3):266-70. doi: 10.1093/gerona/58.3.m266.
Menopause is associated with decreases in lean mass and increases in fat mass. Serum hormone levels and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may modify the effects of exercise training on body composition in postmenopausal women.
We assessed the changes in total body and regional lean soft tissue and fat mass (using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) in 94 sedentary postmenopausal women, aged 40-65 years, after 12 months of resistance and weight-bearing aerobic exercise training. Women currently on oral HRT (n = 39) and not on HRT (n = 55) were randomized within groups to exercise and no exercise, resulting in four groups: exercise + HRT (n = 20), HRT (n = 22), exercise (n = 24), and control (n = 28). Fasting blood samples were measured for resting serum total levels of estrone, estradiol, cortisol, androstenedione, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor 1 at baseline and 12 months.
We found significant effects of exercise on increases in total body, arm, and leg lean soft tissue mass, and decreases in leg fat mass and percentage of body fat. There were no interaction effects of exercise and HRT on the changes in muscle strength and body composition. No significant changes in total hormone levels were found after 12 months.
Exercise training resulted in significant beneficial changes in lean soft tissue and fat mass in early postmenopausal women. These changes in body composition were neither influenced by prolonged HRT use nor accompanied by changes in total levels of the hormones determined in this study.
绝经与瘦体重减少和脂肪量增加有关。血清激素水平和激素替代疗法（HRT）可能会改变运动训练对绝经后女性身体成分的影响。
我们评估了94名年龄在40 - 65岁的久坐绝经后女性在进行12个月的抗阻和负重有氧运动训练后，全身及局部瘦软组织和脂肪量的变化（使用双能X线吸收法）。目前正在接受口服HRT的女性（n = 39）和未接受HRT的女性（n = 55）在组内随机分为运动组和非运动组，从而形成四组：运动 + HRT组（n = 20）、HRT组（n = 22）、运动组（n = 24）和对照组（n = 28）。在基线和12个月时采集空腹血样，检测静息血清中雌酮、雌二醇、皮质醇、雄烯二酮、生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子1的总水平。
我们发现运动对全身、手臂和腿部瘦软组织量的增加以及腿部脂肪量和体脂百分比的降低有显著影响。运动和HRT对肌肉力量和身体成分的变化没有交互作用。12个月后总激素水平没有显著变化。
运动训练使绝经早期女性的瘦软组织和脂肪量发生了显著的有益变化。这些身体成分的变化既不受长期使用HRT的影响，也未伴随着本研究中所测定激素总水平的变化。
