Akerstedt Torbjörn
IPM and Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Occup Med (Lond). 2003 Mar;53(2):89-94. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqg046.
Of the many health-related effects of shift work, disturbed sleep is the most common. This review describes the main observed effects of the three principal shifts (night, morning and afternoon) on patterns of sleep and wakefulness. The mechanism of sleep disruption in relation to circadian rhythms and the specific impact of aspects of shift organization (speed and direction of rotation) are discussed. The most troublesome acute symptoms are difficulty getting to sleep, shortened sleep and somnolence during working hours that continues into successive days off. These are only partially amenable to amelioration by manipulating shift patterns. However, there is no clear indication that chronic sleep problems result from long-term shift work.
在轮班工作对健康产生的诸多影响中，睡眠紊乱最为常见。本综述描述了三种主要轮班（夜班、早班和下午班）对睡眠和清醒模式的主要观察到的影响。讨论了与昼夜节律相关的睡眠中断机制以及轮班安排方面（轮换速度和方向）的具体影响。最麻烦的急性症状是入睡困难、睡眠时间缩短以及工作时间嗜睡并持续到连续的休息日。通过调整轮班模式，这些症状只能得到部分改善。然而，尚无明确迹象表明长期轮班工作会导致慢性睡眠问题。
