Peters Rosalind M, Flack John M
College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2003 Feb;15(2):56-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2003.tb00352.x.
To provide nurse practitioners (NPs) with updated information regarding the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of childhood hypertension.
Extensive review of the scientific literature regarding hypertension, including the latest NIH recommendations.
Hypertension affects more than 350,000 American children. While the majority of hypertension in early childhood occurs from secondary causes, the incidence of essential hypertension in later childhood and adolescence is rising, raising concerns as elevated pressures in childhood "track" into adulthood. Early detection and treatment of elevated childhood pressures represent important steps in reducing long-term cardiovascular risk.
NPs must be able to accurately differentiate between primary and secondary hypertension in childhood. Secondary hypertension requires prompt diagnosis and treatment, and controlling primary childhood hypertension has lifelong implications. Given the familial predisposition to hypertension, it is important for adult NPs to be aware of the risks faced by children of hypertensive patients.
为执业护士（NPs）提供有关儿童高血压病因、诊断和治疗的最新信息。
广泛查阅有关高血压的科学文献，包括美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）的最新建议。
高血压影响超过35万美国儿童。虽然幼儿期的大多数高血压由继发性原因引起，但儿童后期和青少年期原发性高血压的发病率正在上升，这引发了人们的担忧，因为儿童期的高血压会“延续”至成年期。早期发现和治疗儿童期血压升高是降低长期心血管疾病风险的重要步骤。
NPs必须能够准确区分儿童原发性高血压和继发性高血压。继发性高血压需要及时诊断和治疗，控制儿童原发性高血压具有终身影响。鉴于高血压的家族易感性，成年NPs了解高血压患者子女面临的风险非常重要。
