视觉搜索过程中与年龄相关的选择性注意和知觉负载变化。
Age-related changes in selective attention and perceptual load during visual search.
作者信息
Madden David J, Langley Linda K
机构信息
Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
出版信息
Psychol Aging. 2003 Mar;18(1):54-67. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.18.1.54.
Abstract
Three visual search experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that age differences in selective attention vary as a function of perceptual load (E. A. Maylor & N. Lavie, 1998). Under resource-limited conditions (Experiments 1 and 2), the distraction from irrelevant display items generally decreased as display size (perceptual load) increased. This perceptual load effect was similar for younger and older adults, contrary to the findings of Maylor and Lavie. Distraction at low perceptual loads appeared to reflect both general and specific inhibitory mechanisms. Under more data-limited conditions (Experiment 3), an age-related decline in selective attention was evident, but the age difference was not attributable to capacity limitations as predicted by the perceptual load theory.
摘要
进行了三项视觉搜索实验，以检验选择性注意的年龄差异随知觉负载而变化的假设（E. A. 梅勒 & N. 拉维，1998）。在资源有限的条件下（实验1和实验2），随着显示大小（知觉负载）的增加，无关显示项目的干扰通常会减少。年轻和年长成年人的这种知觉负载效应相似，这与梅勒和拉维的研究结果相反。低知觉负载下的干扰似乎反映了一般和特定的抑制机制。在更多数据有限的条件下（实验3），选择性注意的年龄相关下降很明显，但年龄差异并非如知觉负载理论所预测的那样归因于能力限制。
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