Pérez-Fernández M A, Rodríguez-Echeverría S
Ecology Department, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
J Chem Ecol. 2003 Jan;29(1):237-51. doi: 10.1023/a:1021997118146.
The effect of smoke, charred wood, and nitrogenous compounds on germination was tested on 10 species of the Cistaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, and Asteraceae, from fire-prone, shrubby woodlands in central-western Spain. Dry seeds were exposed to smoke, by watering with distilled water-charred wood suspensions, or NaNO2, KNO3, NH4Cl, and NH4NO3. Smoke enhanced germination in 9 of 10 of the species. In species of Poaceae, germination was stimulated by 20 min of smoke exposure. In Asteraceae and Fabaceae species, 10 min of smoke exposure was the most effective treatment for enhancing germination. Three species--Cistus ladanifer, Cistus crispus, and Cistus monspeliensis--had a positive response to 20 min of smoke exposure; germination of Cistus salviifolius L. was also enhanced after 10 min. The effect of charred wood was variable, with no consistent germination pattern within the families. Trifolium angustifolium and Retama sphaerocarpa showed no stimulation of germination under most of the charred wood concentrations. Similarly, germination of Senecio jacobea under the charred wood treatment did not surpass that of the control. NaNO2 promoted seed germination in Dactylis glomerata (10 mM), Cistus ladanifer (1, 10, and 25 mM), and Cistus crispus (1 and 10 mM). KNO3 enhanced germination in Dactylis glomerata (1 and 25 mM), Dittrichia viscosa (10 and 25 mM), C. ladanifer (1, 10, and 25 mM), Cistus crispus (1 and 25 mM), and C. salviifolius aud C. monspeliensis (25 mM). NH4Cl induced germination of Dactylis glomerata and Dittrichia viscosa (1 mM), and Cistus species germinated best in 25 mM of this salt. NH4NO3 induced germination only in Cistus species. Holcus lanatus had the highest level of germination regardless of treatment.
在西班牙中西部易发生火灾的灌木林地，对半日花科、禾本科、豆科和菊科的10个物种进行了烟雾、烧焦的木材和含氮化合物对种子萌发影响的测试。将干燥种子通过用蒸馏水 - 烧焦木材悬浮液或亚硝酸钠、硝酸钾、氯化铵和硝酸铵浇水的方式，使其暴露于烟雾或这些化合物中。烟雾促进了10个物种中9个物种的种子萌发。在禾本科物种中，20分钟的烟雾暴露刺激了种子萌发。在菊科和豆科物种中，10分钟的烟雾暴露是促进种子萌发最有效的处理方式。三种半日花属植物——岩蔷薇、皱叶半日花和蒙氏半日花——对20分钟的烟雾暴露有积极反应；药用岩蔷薇在10分钟的烟雾暴露后种子萌发也得到增强。烧焦木材的影响各不相同，各科内没有一致的萌发模式。窄叶车轴草和圆果骆驼刺在大多数烧焦木材浓度下种子萌发未受刺激。同样，千里光在烧焦木材处理下的种子萌发率未超过对照组。亚硝酸钠促进了鸭茅（10 mM）、岩蔷薇（1、10和25 mM）和皱叶半日花（1和10 mM）的种子萌发。硝酸钾增强了鸭茅（1和25 mM）、粘毛旋覆花（10和25 mM）、岩蔷薇（1、10和25 mM）、皱叶半日花（1和25 mM）以及药用岩蔷薇和蒙氏半日花（25 mM）的种子萌发。氯化铵诱导了鸭茅和粘毛旋覆花（1 mM）的种子萌发，半日花属物种在25 mM这种盐溶液中种子萌发最佳。硝酸铵仅诱导了半日花属物种的种子萌发。无论何种处理，绒毛草的种子萌发率最高。
