Knoll Th, Michel M S, Köhrmann K U, Alken P
Urologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim.
Ther Umsch. 2003 Feb;60(2):103-7. doi: 10.1024/0040-5930.60.2.103.
Although ESWL allows for the treatment of most urinary stones, there are remaining situations, in which satisfying results cannot be achieved, e.g. large kidney stones or specific anatomy. In such cases endoscopic procedure like ureterorenoscopy (URS) or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), alone or in combination with ESWL, allow minimally-invasive removal of these stones. Primarily, the development of modern intracorporeal lithotripter probes and extraction instruments along with a reduction of instruments' diameter could improve efficacy and reduce mortality. This article will provide an overview of techniques, application and results of endoscopic urinary stone treatment.
虽然体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）可用于治疗大多数尿路结石，但仍存在一些情况无法取得令人满意的效果，例如较大的肾结石或特殊解剖结构。在这种情况下，诸如输尿管肾镜检查（URS）或经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）等内镜手术，单独或与ESWL联合使用，可实现这些结石的微创清除。主要地，现代体内碎石探针和取出器械的发展以及器械直径的减小可提高疗效并降低死亡率。本文将概述内镜治疗尿路结石的技术、应用及结果。
