Thomas Terry L, Garland Frank C, Molé Dale, Cohen Bruce A, Gudewicz Thomas M, Spiro R Timothy, Zahm Shelia Hoar
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2003 Mar;74(3):260-5.
An essential element in planning for long-term space missions is prediction of the medical support required. Medical data for analogous populations serving in isolated and/or contained environments are useful in predicting health risks for astronauts.
This study evaluated the rates of health events that occurred among a highly screened, healthy military population during periods of isolation using a centralized database of medical encounter records from U.S. Navy submarines. The study population was composed of U.S. Navy officers and enlisted men deployed on 240 submarine patrols between 1 January 1997 and 30 September 2000.
A total of 1389 officers and 11,952 enlisted crew members served aboard participating submarines for 215,086 and 1,955,521 person-days at sea, respectively, during the study period. Officers had 214 initial visits to medical staff with 79 re-visits for the same condition during these patrols, while enlisted men had 3345 initial visits and 1549 re-visits. Among officers, the most common category of medical events was respiratory illnesses (primarily upper respiratory infections), followed by injury, musculoskeletal conditions, infectious diseases, symptoms and ill-defined conditions, and skin problems. Among enlisted men, the most common category of medical events was injury, followed by respiratory illnesses (upper respiratory infections), skin problems, symptoms and ill-defined conditions, digestive disorders, infectious conditions, sensory organ problems (ear infections and eye problems), and musculoskeletal conditions.
Potential mission-impacting medical events reported were rare, i.e., among a crew of seven officers, only one medical event would be expected to occur during a 6-mo mission and result in 3/4 d or less of limited or no duty. Among a crew of seven enlisted men, about two medical events would be expected during a 6-mo mission and result in about 1 d of limited or no duty per medical event.
长期太空任务规划中的一个关键要素是预测所需的医疗支持。在隔离和/或封闭环境中服役的类似人群的医疗数据，有助于预测宇航员的健康风险。
本研究利用美国海军潜艇医疗会诊记录的集中数据库，评估了经过严格筛选的健康军事人员在隔离期间发生健康事件的比率。研究对象为1997年1月1日至2000年9月30日期间执行240次潜艇巡逻任务的美国海军军官和士兵。
在研究期间，共有1389名军官和11952名士兵分别在参与研究的潜艇上服役215086和1955521人日。在这些巡逻任务中，军官有214次首次就诊，因同一病情复诊79次，而士兵有3345次首次就诊和1549次复诊。在军官中，最常见的医疗事件类别是呼吸道疾病（主要是上呼吸道感染），其次是损伤、肌肉骨骼疾病、传染病、症状及未明确诊断的疾病，以及皮肤问题。在士兵中，最常见的医疗事件类别是损伤，其次是呼吸道疾病（上呼吸道感染）、皮肤问题、症状及未明确诊断的疾病、消化系统疾病、传染病、感觉器官问题（耳部感染和眼部问题），以及肌肉骨骼疾病。
报告的可能影响任务的医疗事件很少，即对于一组7名军官，预计在6个月的任务期间仅会发生1起医疗事件，且导致3/4天或更短时间的有限或无执勤。对于一组7名士兵，预计在6个月的任务期间约会发生2起医疗事件，且每起医疗事件导致约1天的有限或无执勤。
