Naidoo U, Goff D C, Klibanski A
Department of Psychology, Schizophrenia Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2003 Apr;28 Suppl 2:97-108. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00129-4.
The prevalence of schizophrenia is about 1% worldwide. Individuals with schizophrenia are at increased risk for osteoporosis and fractures for several reasons, including poor diet, lack of exercise, cigarette smoking, and polydipsia. Some antipsychotic medications may further increase the risk of fractures by causing dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, and falls. Studies in women with hyperprolactinemia resulting from pituitary tumors have demonstrated high rates of osteoporosis believed to result from hypoestrogenism. Similarly, hyperprolactinemia in men results in hypogonadism and bone loss. Preliminary surveys have indicated that schizophrenia patients also may have elevated rates of osteoporosis and pathological fractures, possibly resulting in part from the long-term administration of antipsychotic agents that produce hyperprolactinemia and secondarily lower estrogen and testosterone levels. This potential complication of treatment with certain antipsychotic agents requires careful study and could represent a serious public health problem.
精神分裂症在全球的患病率约为1%。精神分裂症患者患骨质疏松症和骨折的风险增加，原因有多种，包括饮食不良、缺乏运动、吸烟和烦渴。一些抗精神病药物可能会因引起头晕、体位性低血压和跌倒而进一步增加骨折风险。对因垂体肿瘤导致高催乳素血症的女性进行的研究表明，骨质疏松症的发生率很高，据信这是由雌激素缺乏引起的。同样，男性高催乳素血症会导致性腺功能减退和骨质流失。初步调查表明，精神分裂症患者的骨质疏松症和病理性骨折发生率也可能升高，部分原因可能是长期服用会导致高催乳素血症并继而降低雌激素和睾酮水平的抗精神病药物。某些抗精神病药物治疗的这种潜在并发症需要仔细研究，可能是一个严重的公共卫生问题。
