Lee Nancy, D'Souza Cletus A, Kronstad James W
Biotechnology Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z3; email:
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2003;41:399-427. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095728. Epub 2003 Mar 10.
cAMP regulates morphogenesis and virulence in a wide variety of fungi including the plant pathogens. In saprophytic yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cAMP signaling plays an important role in nutrient sensing. In filamentous saprophytes, the cAMP pathway appears to play an integral role in vegetative growth and sporulation, with possible connections to mating. Infection-related morphogenesis includes sporulation (conidia and teliospores), formation of appressoria, infection hyphae, and sclerotia. Here, we review studies of cAMP signaling in a variety of plant fungal pathogens. The primary fungi to be considered include Ustilago maydis, Magnaporthe grisea, Cryphonectria parasitica, Colletotrichum and Fusarium species, and Erisyphe graminis. We also include related information on Trichoderma species that act as mycoparasites and biocontrol agents of phytopathogenic fungi. We point out similarities in infection mechanisms, conservation of signaling components, as well as instances of cross-talk with other signaling pathways.
环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）在包括植物病原体在内的多种真菌中调节形态发生和毒力。在腐生酵母如酿酒酵母中，cAMP信号传导在营养感知中起重要作用。在丝状腐生菌中，cAMP途径似乎在营养生长和孢子形成中起不可或缺的作用，并可能与交配有关。与感染相关的形态发生包括孢子形成（分生孢子和冬孢子）、附着胞、侵染菌丝和菌核的形成。在这里，我们综述了各种植物真菌病原体中cAMP信号传导的研究。主要考虑的真菌包括玉米黑粉菌、稻瘟病菌、栗疫病菌、炭疽菌和镰刀菌属，以及禾白粉菌。我们还包括了有关木霉菌种的相关信息，木霉菌种可作为植物病原真菌的重寄生菌和生物防治剂。我们指出了感染机制、信号成分保守性以及与其他信号通路相互作用的实例中的相似之处。
