Knox Tamsin A, Zafonte-Sanders Melissa, Fields-Gardner Cade, Moen Karol, Johansen Diana, Paton Nicholas
Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts-New England Medical Center Hospital, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Apr 1;36(Suppl 2):S63-8. doi: 10.1086/367560.
Nutritional status should be assessed at regular intervals as part of management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The simplest approach to assessment is serial weight measurement. A comprehensive nutritional assessment includes (1) anthropometric measurements of body composition; (2) biochemical measurements of serum protein, micronutrients, and metabolic parameters; (3) clinical assessment of altered nutritional requirements and social or psychological issues that may preclude adequate intake; and (4) measurement of dietary intake. Techniques for measuring body composition of fat and lean body mass include anthropometry and bioelectric impedance analysis. Other techniques, including dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), hydrodensitometry, total body potassium measurement, and cross-sectional computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging are available in research centers. Anthropometry, including waist-hip ratios, regional DXA, and cross-sectional imaging, is best for detecting morphologic changes associated with fat redistribution syndrome. Nutritional assessment and intervention in children with HIV can help to prevent stunted growth and development.
作为人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染管理的一部分，应定期评估营养状况。最简单的评估方法是连续测量体重。全面的营养评估包括：（1）人体成分的人体测量；（2）血清蛋白、微量营养素和代谢参数的生化测量；（3）对营养需求改变以及可能妨碍充足摄入的社会或心理问题的临床评估；（4）饮食摄入量的测量。测量脂肪和瘦体重的身体成分的技术包括人体测量学和生物电阻抗分析。其他技术，包括双能X线吸收法（DXA）、水下密度测量法、全身钾测量法以及横断面计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像，在研究中心可用。人体测量学，包括腰臀比、局部DXA和横断面成像，最适合检测与脂肪重新分布综合征相关的形态学变化。对感染HIV的儿童进行营养评估和干预有助于预防生长发育迟缓。
