Jones C A
Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
J Natl Med Assoc. 1999 Aug;91(8 Suppl):16S-25S.
Asthma patients who live in urban areas face many challenges that contribute to and influence poor outcomes. Many inner-city asthma patients are burdened with significant barriers to care, which include difficulty in obtaining short- and long-term treatment and misperceptions about the chronic nature of the disease. Poor access to care, poor quality of care, or both have been shown to contribute to the high morbidity rate in this population. The objective of asthma therapy is to interrupt allergen/antigen exposures wherever possible and to control airway inflammation. The goal of an effective asthma program is to prevent exacerbations of the disease, achieve and maintain normal activity levels and normal or near-normal lung function, and achieve a personal best for each patient with an effective action plan. An effective action plan is often difficult to implement because it takes much effort from both physician and patient to incorporate complete treatment strategies. Nevertheless, over time these plans can be very effective. The 1997 NIH report provides specific guidelines to help accomplish these goals.
居住在城市地区的哮喘患者面临许多导致并影响不良预后的挑战。许多市中心的哮喘患者在获得医疗服务方面存在重大障碍，包括难以获得短期和长期治疗以及对该疾病慢性性质的误解。已表明获得医疗服务的机会不足、医疗服务质量差或两者兼而有之，是导致该人群高发病率的原因。哮喘治疗的目标是尽可能中断过敏原/抗原暴露并控制气道炎症。有效的哮喘管理计划的目标是预防疾病发作，实现并维持正常活动水平以及正常或接近正常的肺功能，并通过有效的行动计划为每位患者实现个人最佳状态。有效的行动计划往往难以实施，因为医生和患者都需要付出很大努力才能纳入完整的治疗策略。然而，随着时间的推移，这些计划会非常有效。1997年美国国立卫生研究院的报告提供了有助于实现这些目标的具体指南。
