Lin Pao-Hwa, Aickin Mikel, Champagne Catherine, Craddick Shirley, Sacks Frank M, McCarron Phyllis, Most-Windhauser Marlene M, Rukenbrod Fran, Haworth Lauren
Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2003 Apr;103(4):488-96. doi: 10.1053/jada.2003.50065.
The aim of this paper is to identify major food group sources of several essential nutrients in the two dietary patterns used in the DASH-Sodium trial: a control diet and the DASH dietary pattern. The DASH-Sodium trial was a multicenter, randomized, controlled-feeding trial comparing the effects of three levels of sodium and two dietary patterns on blood pressure. Nutrient contents of all the menus for both the control and the DASH diets were analyzed and examined for their dietary sources from 13 food groups. Contributions of all foods within each food group to each nutrient were averaged then weighted to reflect the actual distribution of energy levels in the study. Nutrient contents across the three sodium levels are very similar within each diet. Refined grains and whole grains are the major energy sources for the control and the DASH diet, providing 35% and 23% to the total intake, respectively. Nutrient-dense whole grains contributed greatly, ranging from 11% to 46%, to the higher intakes of protein, fiber, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, and folate in the DASH diet. Vegetables, in addition to being a good source for fiber, vitamins A, C, E, and folate, also contributed an average of 15% to the intakes of magnesium, potassium, and calcium in the DASH diet. Differences in nutrient contents between the control and the DASH diets were accomplished by varying the selection of food items (eg, refined grains vs whole grains) and quantities of certain food groups (eg, less red meats and higher amounts of fruits and vegetables). The DASH dietary pattern recommends four to five servings of fruits; four to five servings of vegetables; two to three servings of low-fat dairy products; seven to eight servings of grain products (preferably whole grains); two or less servings of meats, poultry, and fish per day; and four to five servings of nuts, seeds, and legumes per week for a 2,000 kcal diet. Each of these food groups contributes critical nutrients across various sodium levels. It is important to emphasize all food groups when trying to follow this proven dietary pattern.
本文旨在确定在DASH-钠试验中使用的两种饮食模式（对照饮食和DASH饮食模式）中几种必需营养素的主要食物组来源。DASH-钠试验是一项多中心、随机、对照喂养试验，比较了三种钠水平和两种饮食模式对血压的影响。对对照饮食和DASH饮食的所有菜单的营养成分进行了分析，并检查了它们来自13个食物组的饮食来源。每个食物组中所有食物对每种营养素的贡献进行平均，然后加权以反映研究中能量水平的实际分布。每种饮食中三种钠水平的营养成分非常相似。精制谷物和全谷物是对照饮食和DASH饮食的主要能量来源，分别占总摄入量的35%和23%。营养丰富的全谷物对DASH饮食中蛋白质、纤维、钙、镁、钾、锌和叶酸的较高摄入量贡献很大，范围从11%到46%。蔬菜除了是纤维、维生素A、C、E和叶酸的良好来源外，还平均占DASH饮食中镁、钾和钙摄入量的15%。对照饮食和DASH饮食之间营养成分的差异是通过改变食物项目的选择（如精制谷物与全谷物）和某些食物组的数量（如较少的红肉和较多的水果和蔬菜）来实现的。DASH饮食模式建议每天摄入四到五份水果；四到五份蔬菜；两到三份低脂乳制品；七到八份谷物产品（最好是全谷物）；每天两份或更少的肉类、家禽和鱼类；以及每周四到五份坚果、种子和豆类，用于2000千卡的饮食。这些食物组中的每一组在不同的钠水平下都提供关键营养素。在尝试遵循这种经过验证的饮食模式时，强调所有食物组很重要。
