Koch S, Schulz-Schaeffer W, Kramer A
Institut für Pathologie, HUMAINE Klinikum Bad Saarow, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Freien Universität Berlin.
Pathologe. 2003 Mar;24(2):91-7. doi: 10.1007/s00292-002-0590-9. Epub 2003 Feb 19.
In former times autopsies were the main task of a pathologist and therefore the most frequent source of infection but nowadays cytological and biopsy investigations dominate the pathologist's work. Usually the time interval between the extraction of a specimen, its transport into the laboratory and return of the report is no longer than a few hours. Consequently the staff must often handle unfixed or insufficiently fixed material. This and the occurrence of new infectious diseases, e.g. AIDS and TSE (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies), makes it necessary to analyse and perhaps even change the work in respect to hygiene risks and demands for permanent protection against infection. First of all the risks of infection and the common measures of protection from infections for the staff in biopsy and autopsy departments will be described. Subsequently suggestions to reduce infectious risks in special activities will be presented. The examination of frozen sections or intraoperative biopsy material and the handling of specimens possibly contaminated by HIV and TSE will be considered separately.
过去，尸检是病理学家的主要工作任务，因此也是最常见的感染源，但如今细胞学和活检检查在病理学家的工作中占主导地位。通常，从提取标本到将其运入实验室以及报告返回之间的时间间隔不超过几个小时。因此，工作人员常常必须处理未固定或固定不充分的材料。这以及新传染病的出现，例如艾滋病和传染性海绵状脑病（TSE），使得有必要分析甚至可能改变在卫生风险方面的工作以及对预防感染的长期保护要求。首先将描述活检和尸检部门工作人员的感染风险以及常见的感染防护措施。随后将提出在特殊活动中降低感染风险的建议。冷冻切片或术中活检材料的检查以及可能被艾滋病毒和TSE污染的标本的处理将分别予以考虑。
