Healing T D, Hoffman P N, Young S E
London Communicable Disease Surveillance Project, PHLS Central Public Health Laboratory.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev. 1995 Apr 28;5(5):R61-8.
Cadavers may pose infection hazards to people who handle them. None of the organisms that caused mass death in the past--for example, plague, cholera, typhoid, tuberculosis, anthrax, smallpox--is likely to survive long in buried human remains. Items such as mould spores or lead dust are much greater risks to those involved in exhumations. Infectious conditions and pathogens in the recently deceased that present particular risks include tuberculosis, group A streptococcal infection, gastrointestinal organisms, the agents that cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease), hepatitis B and C viruses, HIV, and possibly meningitis and septicaemia (especially meningococcal). The use of appropriate protective clothing and the observance of Control of Substances Hazardous to Health regulations, will protect all who handle cadavers against infectious hazards.
尸体可能会对接触它们的人构成感染风险。过去曾导致大规模死亡的病原体，如鼠疫、霍乱、伤寒、肺结核、炭疽、天花等，不太可能在埋葬的人体遗骸中长时间存活。对参与尸体发掘工作的人员来说，诸如霉菌孢子或铅尘等物质带来的风险要大得多。近期死亡者身上存在特殊风险的感染性疾病和病原体包括肺结核、A 组链球菌感染、胃肠道病原体、导致传染性海绵状脑病的病原体（如克雅氏病）、乙型和丙型肝炎病毒、艾滋病毒，还有可能包括脑膜炎和败血症（尤其是脑膜炎球菌性败血症）。使用适当的防护服并遵守《危害健康物质控制条例》，将保护所有接触尸体的人员免受感染风险。
