Chainani-Wu Nita
Department of Stomatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0658, USA.
J Altern Complement Med. 2003 Feb;9(1):161-8. doi: 10.1089/107555303321223035.
Tumeric is a spice that comes from the root Curcuma longa, a member of the ginger family, Zingaberaceae. In Ayurveda (Indian traditional medicine), tumeric has been used for its medicinal properties for various indications and through different routes of administration, including topically, orally, and by inhalation. Curcuminoids are components of tumeric, which include mainly curcumin (diferuloyl methane), demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcmin.
The goal of this systematic review of the literature was to summarize the literature on the safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin.
A search of the computerized database MEDLINE (1966 to January 2002), a manual search of bibliographies of papers identified through MEDLINE, and an Internet search using multiple search engines for references on this topic was conducted. The PDR for Herbal Medicines, and four textbooks on herbal medicine and their bibliographies were also searched.
A large number of studies on curcumin were identified. These included studies on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antifungal properties of curcuminoids. Studies on the toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin have included in vitro, animal, and human studies. A phase 1 human trial with 25 subjects using up to 8000 mg of curcumin per day for 3 months found no toxicity from curcumin. Five other human trials using 1125-2500 mg of curcumin per day have also found it to be safe. These human studies have found some evidence of anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin. The laboratory studies have identified a number of different molecules involved in inflammation that are inhibited by curcumin including phospholipase, lipooxygenase, cyclooxygenase 2, leukotrienes, thromboxane, prostaglandins, nitric oxide, collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interferon-inducible protein, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-12 (IL-12).
Curcumin has been demonstrated to be safe in six human trials and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity. It may exert its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of a number of different molecules that play a role in inflammation.
姜黄是一种源自姜黄属植物长柄姜根的香料，姜黄属植物是姜科（Zingaberaceae）的一员。在阿育吠陀（印度传统医学）中，姜黄因其药用特性被用于多种适应症，并通过不同的给药途径使用，包括局部用药、口服和吸入。姜黄素类是姜黄的成分，主要包括姜黄素（二阿魏酰甲烷）、去甲氧基姜黄素和双去甲氧基姜黄素。
本系统文献综述的目的是总结关于姜黄素安全性和抗炎活性的文献。
对计算机化数据库MEDLINE（1966年至2002年1月）进行检索，手动检索通过MEDLINE识别的论文的参考文献，并使用多个搜索引擎在互联网上搜索关于该主题的参考文献。还检索了《草药药品医师案头参考》以及四本草药医学教科书及其参考文献。
确定了大量关于姜黄素的研究。这些研究包括对姜黄素类抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒和抗真菌特性的研究。关于姜黄素毒性和抗炎特性的研究包括体外、动物和人体研究。一项有25名受试者参与的1期人体试验，每天使用高达8000毫克姜黄素，持续3个月，未发现姜黄素有毒性。其他五项每天使用1125 - 2500毫克姜黄素的人体试验也发现其是安全的。这些人体研究发现了一些姜黄素具有抗炎活性的证据。实验室研究确定了许多参与炎症反应且被姜黄素抑制的不同分子，包括磷脂酶、脂氧合酶-2、环氧化酶-2、白三烯、血栓素、前列腺素、一氧化氮、胶原酶、弹性蛋白酶、透明质酸酶、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、干扰素诱导蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）和白细胞介素-12（IL-12）。
在六项人体试验中已证明姜黄素是安全的，并已证明其具有抗炎活性。它可能通过抑制许多在炎症中起作用的不同分子来发挥其抗炎活性。
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